Re: on C&C

Ellice A Forman (ellice+ who-is-at pitt.edu)
Tue, 26 Dec 1995 11:45:15 -0500 (EST)

There is another topic in Bakhtin's work that wasn't mentioned in Chuck
Bazerman's recent discussion of classroom culture and that addresses the
issue currently under discussion--how to reconcile the inherent conflicts
in the classroom caused by heteroglossia, differential power and social
status, cultural conflicts, etc. That topic is carnival or
carnivalization. I've been reading some Dostoevsky recently (Demons, The
Brothers Karamazov) together with Bakhtin's discussion of Dostoevsky in
"Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics". Now that both sets of texts are
fresh in my mind, I feel better able to understand the notion of
carnival. According to Bakhtin, this notion begins in ancient literature
and extends through medieval and renaissance literature (and life) with
Dostoevksy reviving it for the modern era. In the carnival, the
inequalities of everyday life are banished and new human relationships
can be forged. Here's a quote from the Bakhtin book mentioned above:

"The laws, prohibitions, and restrictions that determine the structure
and order of ordinary, that is noncarnival, life are suspended during
carnival: what is suspended first of all is herarchical structure and all
the forms of terror, reverence, piety, and etiquette connected with
it--that is, everything resulting from socio-hierarchical inequality or
any other form of inequality among people (including age). All distance
between people is suspended, and a special carnival category goes into
effect: free and familiar contact among people...Carnival is the place
for working out, in a concretely sensuous, half-real and half-play-acted
form, a new mode of interrelationship between individuals, counterposed
to the all-powerful socio-hierarchical relationships of noncarnival
life." (pp.122-123)

What carnival seems to allow is a "safe" place for reworking human
relationships apart from the conditions that divide us in everday life.
Isn't that what one would hope would happen in classrooms (at least
occasionally) so that teachers and students could geniunely connect and
learn from each other (in the most profound sense).

So while Bakhtin acknowledges the structural barriers to genuine
communication, he also recognizes that at times those barriers get
dropped. There are truly amazing scenes in Dostoevsky's work where this
does in fact happen and many scenes where it doesn't.
Ellice Forman
Department of Psychology in Education
University of Pittsburgh