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7. This is formally similar to Hewitt's open systems properties (1986); see also Star (1989). |
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8. We refer to Latour (1993 and 1996a, b) in seeing knowledge production and political work as twin outcomes of a single set of processes. |
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9. This useful term means administrative procedures, things, and technologies that are combined to produce a given effect. The punishment of a prisoner in jail, for instance, is a dispositif technique combining walls and bars, prison procedures and routines, judicial rules, and computerized crime records. In this, the term is close to that of Kling and Scacchi's notion of the "web of computing"--workable computer systems mean that hardware, software, and organizational and cultural mores are working together (1982). |
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10. We borrow this phrase from Hacking (1995); it is also explored in C. Becker (1967). |
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11. Social informatics is the study of the design, use, and impact of information technology considered from the point of view of social organization. |
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12. One finds similar complaints today about the World Wide Web, to the point where a special electronic journal has been founded: Journal of Internet Cataloging: The International Quarterly of Digital Organization, Classification, and Access. Its URL is: http://jic.libraries.psu.edu/. See also Marcia Bates' (in press) excellent article on incomparability between Web search engines. |
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13. Under external causes of morbidity and mortality, contact with venomous snakes and lizards is X20. There is a list of eight snakes and one Gila monster to be included, but these are not broken down in the actual coding. So the rural inhabitant could not distinguish the density of sidewinders versus rattlesnakes, as they may well want to do for safety purposes. |
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14. Rodney King was stopped and beaten by several police officers; this was captured on videotape and led to a celebrated trial involving issues of due force. |
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15. Ironically, the slogan, "nobody dies of old age" was an anti-ageist aphorism first popular in the 1980s and used by groups such as the Grey Panthers. It was meant to imply that the social invisibility of old people led to them being medically invisible or overlooked as well. It is an interesting example of the inversion of the prototypical and Aristotelian aspects of death! |
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16. As Everett Hughes (1970) was fond of saying about sociological analysis: "It might have been otherwise." |
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17. The general principle is: "when more than one condition is entered on the certificate, the condition entered alone on the lowest used line of part I should be selected only if could have given rise to all the conditions entered above it" (ICD-10, 3: 34). |
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18. Pace cybernetics (Bowker 1993). |
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