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1. Two notable exceptions are Lucy Suchman and Sanford Berman. Suchman's article challenging the categories implicit in a popular software system was entitled "Do Categories Have Politics?" (Suchman 1994). This article/critique has helped open up the discussion of values and categories in the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). It is, importantly, a gloss on an earlier article by Langdon Winner (1986), "Do Artifacts Have Politics?" which similarly drew attention to the moral values inscribed in aspects of the built environment. Berman (1984, 1993) has done invaluable work in the library community with his critiques of the politics of catologuing. See also Library Trends special issue on classification, edited by Geoffrey Bowker and Susan Leigh Star (1998). |
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2. As authors, we recognize that "we" is problematic here and throughout this work. At the same time, it would be awkward to qualify each of these sentences by saying Western, academic, middle-class people. We the authors recognize that not everyone--Western or not--holds individualist, rational choice moral models. Where possible, we have tried to qualify the voice assumed throughout this book. Furthermore, the book's entire argument is directed at subverting any sense of an overriding master voice. We are grateful to Kathy Addleson for bringing the question of voice to our attention. |
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3. As Holmes explained to Watson when he uncovered the chain of deductions (each link so simple) that allowed him to produce a thrust of "magical" insight. See Star and Strauss (1999). |
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4. O'Connell (1993) gives a fine analysis of the development of electrical standards. The study of standards has been an exciting strand in recent science studies--as witness recent work in Social Studies of Science devoted to the topic: Alder (1998), Curtis (1998), Mallard (1998), and Timmermans and Berg (1997). |
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5. The Journal of Online Nursing at http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/tpc7/intro.htmpresents a good introduction to issues of classification in nursing. |
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6. Chapter title shamelessly stolen from Howard Becker's Tricks of the Trade (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1998). |
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