[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]

Re: [xmca] A matter of priorities in different models: a "1928" interpretation of LSV



Peter - I didn't hear any complaining - that is, I didn't take your video's comments on Vygotsky's The Teaching of Emotions and his analysis of James and Lange - which does seem to dominate that book - to be a form of complaining at all. It took it as a matter-of-fact comment. Perhaps poetic license might allow a stronger term. I did sense maybe just a little good-natured humor in the way you put it. I found this attitude warm and helpful. Reading Vygotsky can be real work! I think it is good to sometimes keep a light heart about what can sometimes be very dense reading and hard work.

As for David's discussion of Vygotsky's hopes for a three volume work, what a treasure it certainly would be to have three more books of his to study. And a three part work, no less. Wow! Some of David's thoughts evoke some thoughts of my own. I have come to believe that Vygotsky and his colleagues arrived at the theory of the higher mental functions, which guided all their work, at least by 1928. And that they more or less consistently stuck with this approach, combined with their strong classical Marxist foundations, from 1928 on.

David [is this sounding weird to talk about you in the 3rd person, David? I don't mean it to, I am trying to avoid sounding confrontational, which I also don't mean to be] along with other Vygotsky scholars, such as Minnick, seem to view Vygotsky as undergoing several "breaks" or distinctive "periods" in his thinking, including a later, much more developed "period" represented by Thinking and Speech. To be sure, Vygotsky was constantly developing, and his research work and explanations were indeed getting stronger every year, but I think his theoretical **consistency** since 1928 much more clearly characterizes his work than what some have called, for example, his "epistemological breaks."

If you go with the 1928 idea I am suggesting, Vygotsky alone produced the equivalent of way over 3 volumes in his remaining 6 or so years, which are not always easy reading, but do connect together very well in their research themes and basic theory - when looked at from this perspective. It does not help my interpretation, however, that quite a number of world-class Vygotsky scholars keep seeing "breaks" and "periods" during these 6 years - but do not seem to see the continuity of his essential theory. They see the theory, of course, but seem to mostly see it in fragments.

(On that, I believe one of the areas of confusion is over what I see is a frequent misunderstanding of Vygotsky as having once been a "reflexologist." My argument is that he was always (since perhaps 1918) a dialectical materialist who was grappling with issues both in psychophysiology and psychology, and was, at least since early 1924, sharply critical of non-Marxist reflexologists insofar as they tried to reduce psychology to reflexological processes, which of course they all did. Vygotsky's solution (and Luria's, and others) to how to understand the two domains dialectically and materialistically - which, to my knowledge, was first clearly articulated in 1928 - was the theory of the higher mental functions, which refers to socially- induced restructurings of elementary neurological processes that form the psychological bases of human labor, language and activity, a kind of mirror image within the individual of human social relations. I am admittedly being a little loose with some of my descriptive terms here, for the sake of brevity. This theory, combined with the methods and theories of dialectical and historical materialism, I believe form the underpinnings of Thinking and Speech (1934), certainly Vygotsky's most mature and cohesive work. To the extent that Vygotsky made "reflexological errors" in some of his earlier writings - and some statements here and there were real zingers, to be sure - the theory of the higher mental functions in 1928 decisively corrected them.)

And then, following the early loss of LSV, (and the difficulties and horrors of the 1930's and WWII) ANL, ARL and numerous others carried on with many aspects of this theoretical perspective. They wrote of course the equivalent of many, many, volumes, although certainly not at Vygotsky's level, or without error. Today Vygotsky's growing popularity has produced a wide diversity of interpretations of his theorizing in every country he is studied. It is certainly quite a daunting puzzle to unravel, isn't it?

This is not to minimize what a treasure a three volume continuation of T&S by Vygotsky would have been. How valuable that would be! But starting in 1928, I believe, not to mention his many, many significant insights in all his earlier writings, beginning with Psychology of Art, Vygotsky did leave us the most important thing we need, the outline of a coherent theory and methodology to work from ... even if he did seem to have trouble getting over James and Lange in one of his long essays ... :-))

- Steve

PS I have kind of drifted off the subject thread - I created a subheading - I am kind of picking up on some discussions from last year I've given some thought to that this discussion triggered for me ...




On Sep 17, 2010, at 5:30 AM, Andy Blunden wrote:

At any time of day, I think it takes a certain amount of courage to put an unrehearsed talk on a difficult topic into the public domain. The talk was for educational purposes - the kind of thing which normally never leaves the lecture theatre - and needs to be viewed by aficienados with the generosity it deserves. I am sure many, many students of Vygotsky will enjoy the good humour and insight with which you contributed your observations, Peter. Hopefully others will be prepared to take the same risk.

Andy

smago wrote:
Just a brief note on the vimeo I did with Andy: Because of time differences between Australia and EST USA, we scheduled it for 6 AM my time, which is several hours before I customarily have any human contact. I surely didn't mean to "complain a lot about how the essay never really gets over James and Lange," since complaining about anything is not my purpose in thinking about Vygotsky. The essay on which the interview is based will appear in MCA at some point (it was accepted over the summer) and I hope is more coherent in looking at both P of A and texts from later in LSV's career. p
-----Original Message-----
From: xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca- bounces@weber.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of David Kellogg
Sent: Friday, September 17, 2010 3:49 AM
To: Culture ActivityeXtended Mind
Subject: Re: [xmca] A matter of priorities in different models
Dear Larry, Ana, and others:
Vygotsky talks a lot about structure, but he is not a structuralist. He also talks a lot about function, but he is not a functionalist. He talks a lot about genetic explanation, but he is no genetic epistemologist (and condemns Piaget for substituting the genetic principle for causality). Sure, structure is terribly important to Vygotsky. In fact, STRUCTURE is the key to understanding the gap between his idea of a zone of proximal DEVELOPMENT as opposed to merely one of learning. New structures (e.g. role play, rule based games, arithemetic, algebra, complexes, the "measurement of generality" underlying concepts) allow the re- expression of learning in an infinite number of ways, quite independent of their content. So structural change is almost a touchstone of development vs. learning, the way in which we know that "one pfennig of development has given us a hundred marks of learning. Function is important too, and not just because form follows function; mental structures are the way they are because they do what they have to do. Function is important because mental functions, not behavior, provide the content of consciousness. I guess that's why I don't think that functions can really be said to be independent of context. When I remember something, I remember a context, and I remember in a context, in more or less the same way that when I perceive something I perceive a background and I perceive it inside a situation. A genetic account "explains" function in much the same way that function has to explain structure. But Vygotsky does not really describe his psychology as a genetic psychology, at least not in Chapter One of Thinking and Speech. The term he uses is "causal dynamic", and in Chapter Two he lays out exactly what that means in philosophical terms: psychological phenomena are caused, and not simply reversible functions of experience the way they appear in Piaget. The arrow of development runs from communication to cognition and it is not any more reversible than the arrow of time. We all know that the arrow of time ran out on Vygotsky. One of the things we learn from reading the latest revelations from the Vygotsky archive is that Thinking and Speech was really a Prolegomena to a much larger work on the subject of consciousness. I had always assumed that his great unfinished work was the textbook on Child Development we see outlined in Chapter Five. But I see from Zavershneva 2010 that I was probably wrong. Vygotsky died with a gigantic three volume work on consciousness itself on his mind. He wanted initially to co-author with Leontiev and Luria, and only reluctantly took it upon himself when both of his dear disciples proved unreliable. So I am quite willing to re- read the last sentence of Vygotsky's hasty preface to Thinking and Speech ("This investigation is broken off on the very threshold") in that dark light. What would the great three volume "Capital" of consciousness have contained? Well, I think the very first volume would have had to revisit his long essay on the emotions. In Peter Smagorinsky's vimeo talk on "The Psychology of Art", he complains a lot about how the essay never really gets over James and Lange. But I think that a lot of the work that Professor Smagorinsky is really looking for really right under his nose, in "The Psychology of Art". He's right, of course: this is EARLY Vygotsky, and I think that a reworked "Psychology of Art" would have been much more precise about the higher esthetic concepts that he thinks distinguish successful art from the mere "social expression of emotion". I think it would have been every bit as precise as Chapter Five and Chapter Six of Thinking and Speech and might even bear more than a passing resemblance to them. I even think we would get a real sense of what artworks mediate these higher emotions and how, just as we get a sense of how systematic school instruction mediate science concepts in Chapter Six. Does that mean "cold cognition" in art, that is, a system of abstract esthetic concepts that have nothing to do with interpersonal contexts? I doubt it. On the contrary. The RELATIONAL aspects of communication in Tolstoy, for example, are large as life and twice as natural. David Kellogg
Seoul National University of Education
.
 --- On Thu, 9/16/10, Larry Purss <lpscholar2@gmail.com> wrote:
From: Larry Purss <lpscholar2@gmail.com>
Subject: [xmca] A matter of priorities in different models
To: "eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity" <xmca@weber.ucsd.edu>
Date: Thursday, September 16, 2010, 10:03 PM
Ana  Mike and David K
The thread that recently discussed Bahktin's and Vygotsky's alternative
perspectives was thought provoking.
Mike mentioned that we must bracket out some perspectives in order to focus and elaborate other perspectives. He also mentioned that it's very difficult
to remain self conscious of our biases.
I agree that whenever we bracket out and turn a searchlight on phenomena, we are going to leave other aspects of the phenomena in darkness. However, it is possible to try to become conscious that one is braceting out phenomena for particular purposes and try to gain insight into the value's implicit in
what is bracketed out.
I'm reposting one particular paragraph written by Ana that speaks to this
issue of bracketing and hoping for further comments by others.
"Although Vygotsky criticized Gestalt Psychology for the lack of the
dynamic, developmental approach to the relationship between language and
thought, he himself looked at the change of the relationship between
language and thought as a change in structural and functional aspects of language and thought -- as decontextualized - synchronic categories. In addition, although Vygotsky insisted on the unity of the affective and intellectual aspects of language-thought and on the "union of generalization
and communication", his analysis of communication stayed focussed on
transformations of conceptual categories (generalization) and did not
concern RELATIONAL aspects of communication. Was the relational aspect of communication somehow there, but just backgrounded? I think it is the matter of priorities -- not just research priorities, but the priorities IN THE
WHOLE MODEL and the analysis of development." [Ana]
What do others think of Ana's suggestion that  Bahktin's and
Vygotsky's theoretical models focus on different priorities.
A similar question was recently posted by Peter S recently when he asked "what are the foundational concepts which inform the CHAT perspective?"
when he was opening debate on this month's article.
I personally am attempting to deepen my understanding of the "intersection" of these different priorities in a spirit that I believe was reflected in
Ana's thought provoking analysis.
Larry
_______________________________________________
xmca mailing list
xmca@weber.ucsd.edu
http://dss.ucsd.edu/mailman/listinfo/xmca
     _______________________________________________
xmca mailing list
xmca@weber.ucsd.edu
http://dss.ucsd.edu/mailman/listinfo/xmca
_______________________________________________
xmca mailing list
xmca@weber.ucsd.edu
http://dss.ucsd.edu/mailman/listinfo/xmca

--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Andy Blunden*
Home Page: http://home.mira.net/~andy/
Videos: http://vimeo.com/user3478333/videos
Book: http://www.brill.nl/scss


_______________________________________________
xmca mailing list
xmca@weber.ucsd.edu
http://dss.ucsd.edu/mailman/listinfo/xmca

_______________________________________________
xmca mailing list
xmca@weber.ucsd.edu
http://dss.ucsd.edu/mailman/listinfo/xmca