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RE: [xmca] Kharkov school of psychology?
Larry,
First, welcome on board of http://community.livejournal.com/psyhistorik/profile and please feel free to raise your voice even if you have more questions than answers. In fact, this is what the whole thing is for and about.
Then, I guess I am not so much frustrated by the format of an online somewhat chaotic and polyphonic discussion (which is pretty much fine with me), but rather, like I said, uncritical, ungrounded, flawed and immature claims like those on Chukovsky (the link to the paper was posted here at xmca). So, my remark was kinda methodological...
Finally, very much true: we do realize that ideas are not that immaterial, but rather embodied--and influenced by!--in institutes, personal networks, scientific and social practices, etc. The interrelation seems to be bidirectional and dialectical, and I doubt we can easily separate a scientific idea from its socio-cultural roots and, on the other hand, its impact on social environment.
Mike,
I think we need to be very careful about the situation at the beginning of 1930s in the USSR. Indeed, it was getting really hot in Moscow around 1930, and the "struggle on two fronts" against "menshevizing idealism" and, on the other hand, "mechanicism" was not very much conducive to scientific research. For evidence of the kind of frustration all this caused see, e.g., Vygotsky's letters to his collaborators in the Journal of Russian and East European Psychology
On the other hand, the fact is that Yaroshevsky definitely overemphasized the "oppressiveness" of the power back then, and the guys had pretty good reasons to leave Moscow even without being scared to death. "Moscow-centric" Soviet historiography of psychology presents the move of a part of Vygotsky Circle :) to Kharkov as a tragedy--quite understandable attitude for Muscovites :). But note: Kharkov back then was a capital of Soviet Ukraine, comparable to contemporary Kiev, Warsaw or Budapest. Thus, for instance, future Nobel Prize winner physicist Lev Landau was working there back then, and Nils Bohr among other scientific celebrities would come to Kharkov to scientific congresses. As we know from Luria's letter to Koehler of 1932, the group in Kharkov got really lavish funding and most impressive resources there, with the perspective of founding a Psychological Institute on the basis of their "Sector of Psychology" at the Ukrainian Psychoneurological
Academy (UPNA). So, nothing tragic or surprising that they eagerly rushed there, regardless of political climate in Moscow or decrees in the sphere of education. Especially so since at UPNA in Kharkov they were under the aegis of the Ministry (Narkomat) of Health,--and this was, indeed, the Narkomzdrav of Ukraine, but not of Russian Federation,--and had virtually nothing to do with education or at least until some point could easily drop all their affiliations at educational institutions.
In brief, the history of this science at this locale during the interwar period is somewhat clearer now, yet still remains largely unwritten...
----- Original Message ----
From: mike cole <lchcmike@gmail.com>
To: Anton Yasnitsky <the_yasya@yahoo.com>
Cc: "eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity" <xmca@weber.ucsd.edu>
Sent: Mon, March 29, 2010 11:50:58 AM
Subject: Re: [xmca] Kharkov school of psychology?
Thanks for the reminder of the bilingual list focused on Soviet
Psychology, Anton.
Sorry about the polyphony on xmca. Just how it is. Suggestions for
better organized discussion
always welcome.
mike
PS- My tentative conclusion from reading the bilingual materials (and
thanks to Achilles for
his persistence!) is that by 1931 the situation was becoming very
dangerous and difficult for the Vygotsky circle on several fronts and
that the move to Kharkov, whether or not it actually preceded the
RSFSR decree against pedology (fascinating to see project based
learning used as a term there) was motivated by a desire to get beyond
the reach of the RSFSR and be allowed to pursue their research. And
that this research was modified in its emphases for both
political/self protection reasons mixed with genuine intellectual
concerns. And that untangling all of this will not absolve us of
responsibility for what we think the strongest solutions to the
intellectual issues are in 2010.
On 3/28/10, Anton Yasnitsky <the_yasya@yahoo.com> wrote:
> OK. Here are my two cents: a couple of remarks and mainly references, fyi...
>
> Imho, too many topics are discussed here at the same time, which makes it
> highly problematic for us to resolve any of the specific problems at stake.
> Thus, I suggest minimizing the input and focusing on specific question at a
> time. I can not refrain from an observation that I was flattered to come
> across an acknowledgment of my contribution to David's discussion in his
> recent paper on Chukovsky, yet, I fully agree with the author that his
> argument in this paper,--as well as, in fact, in his other discussions of
> the history of Soviet psychoneurology (i.e. human and behavioural sciences,
> in other nomenclature)--like, for instance, his present discussion--on many
> occasions looks ungrounded, flawed and immature to me. Instead of discussing
> all and nothing, talking about an issue at a time--just for a change--might
> be a better way to deal with these problems scientifically (whatever this
> means).
>
> So, for the background of the early 1930s education- and paedology-related
> decrees of the authorities of USSR and RSFSR please see two recent
> discussions at the already announced at xmca online bilingual community on
> the history of world and Soviet/Russian psychology:
>
> #1: http://community.livejournal.com/psyhistorik/52683.html
> #2: http://community.livejournal.com/psyhistorik/54008.html
>
> If one wants to join these discussions there, please feel free to, but first
> make sure you open an account at livejournal.com and, ideally, join the
> community; for instructions see
> http://community.livejournal.com/psyhistorik/profile . Btw, other
> discussions and postings are available here:
> http://community.livejournal.com/psyhistorik/
>
> Then, on Kharkov school: to the best of my knowledge, the most recent stuff
> was published a couple of years ago, both papers are mine, both are freely
> available at my university web-page. Also, one can find there a couple of
> more recent papers on roughly the same topic, but unfortunately both are in
> Russian only, at least at this point.
>
> As to the expression "Kharkov school", I would just remark that I am getting
> increasingly suspicious of the notion of "scientific school" itself and its
> applicability in historiographical research--as opposed to the marketing of
> science, the area where the Great Men and Founding Fathers, their Best
> Students and Scientific Schools, etc. mythology works perfectly well and
> does a great job of helping to sell the product--to whoever would want to
> buy the stuff. In this sense, I keep avoiding talking about the schools in
> the history of science these days.
>
> Instead, I prefer the terminology of "groups", "networks", and "circles".
> The benefit of such terms is that they are way better operationalizable than
> "schools". Thus, for instance, my relatively recent major work that I
> completed a year ago was on "Vygotsky Circle". According to google search,
> there are only 49 references to "Vygotsky Circle" as of today, but I really
> believe the situation will change pretty soon...
>
>
> Cheers,
> Anton
>
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message ----
> From: mike cole <lchcmike@gmail.com>
> To: "eXtended Mind, Culture,Activity" <xmca@weber.ucsd.edu>
> Sent: Sun, March 28, 2010 10:35:20 PM
> Subject: [xmca] Kharkov school of psychology?
>
> hi david and anton--
>
> I hope that anton is looking into the sequence of events which precipitated
> the move of lsv and his colleagues to Kharkov.
>
> I was not aware that Anton denied the existence of a "Kharkov school" of
> psychology.
> Are you asserting there was, David? I am unclear. A lot of what you have
> been writing
> about the "micro" politics of the era and place indicate you know a lot
> about it. My
> knowledge comes from an earlier time and different place, so its really
> interesting to hear
> about the matters you are writing about and trying to consider their
> implications for our
> own understandings of culture, development, activity. etc.
>
> To my limited knowledge, it seems that the people in Kharkov distanced
> themselves from
> LSV as much as possible. I am judging only from the materials in Ukrainian
> that I obtained
> from Zinchenko the younger. And they were interestingly critical of his
> ideas about natural
> and cultural memory (Zinchenko the older), as well as ideas about activity.
> But what was
> indigenously Kharkovian and what was a moscow import? Hard for me to sort
> out.
>
> Non-coincidentally (I assume) there was a horrible famine in Uzbekistan and
> Kirghizia (as it was then referred to) - A circumstance entirely missing
> from Luria's account of his work there or any
> accounts I have seen from LSV's visit to the region. I assume both famines
> were orchestrated by the Georgian god father?
>
> Disturbing questions. Perhaps you have the answers? This kind of relating of
> ideas to their socio-
> historical context seems important to me. But separating fact from fiction
> through the fogs of time and wars and blood and time seems a daunting task.
>
> I am still trying to sort out the pre-pseudo-complex-concept issues. Slow
> but unreliable as usual!
> mike
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