As for me, I would put it that my way of understanding it now is that "real
learning" is the making of new meaning (or modifying previously existing
meaning) for experiences one has. As for someone _else_ recognizing that
one has 'really learned', to borrow a term from Pierce, it is a matter of
abduction by that _other_ person.
Mike clomments: Wish I could have said that myself.
mike