[Xmca-l] Re: Cultural historical

Thu Mar 22 07:52:06 PDT 2018

Colleagues,

Apropos this discussion, there is a major turning point in human evolution
that is worthy of attention with respect to the development of language,
and that is the development of the modern human supralaryngeal vocal tract.

Back in the mid-to-late 1970s, Phillip Lieberman and his colleagues Crelin
and Klatt did a series of investigations of an intact adult Neanderthal
skull, with particular interest in the location of the hyoid bone (a
free-floating bone in the throat to which muscles of the vocal tract are
attached). Imprints of the inside of the skull provided evidence of the
soft tissues that once existed there, and helped determine where the hyoid
bone was located. By comparing this skull with that of an adult chimpanzee,
an infant human, and an adult human, they came to a remarkable conclusion:
the vocal tract configuration of the adult Neanderthal, the adult
chimpanzee, and the newborn human were nearly identical. They all showed
signs of the standard primate configuration, in which the vocal folds are
located high up in the neck, almost behind the nose - producing vocal
sounds that are very nasal. The researchers also inferred from the
Neanderthal skull that Neanderthals lacked the phonetic ability to produce
several vowels that we take for granted, and that are necessary for forming
speech sounds into syllables. The one skull that did not even remotely fit
this pattern was that of the modern *adult* human.

Evidence shows that the morphology of the human supralaryngeal vocal tract
changes significantly in the course of child development, the most notable
change being the movement of the vocal folds from their standard position
behind the nose to a much lower position in the throat. This transformation
is most prominent in boys, whose voices continue to deepen until puberty.
It has also been suggested that SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), which
peaks at three months of age, may be caused in part by the movement of the
vocal chords down into the throat, where it can compromise an infant's
breathing during REM sleep. One of the most interesting facets of this
process - to me - is that the standard primate configuration has a built-in
anti-choking mechanism that keeps food far away from the windpipe. In adult
humans, this safety mechanism is completely dismantled as the vocal chords
drop down in the throat - opening up the very real possibility that adult
humans can choke to death. (That's why we all need to learn the Heimlich
Maneuver - so we can save one another in an emergency!). You've got to
assume that speech communication must have been exerting an awfully
powerful environmental pressure in order to lead to the dismantling of such
a highly evolved safety mechanism.

If the transformation of the standard primate vocal system into the modern
human vocal tract occurred roughly 150-200 thousand years ago, it would
suggest that long verbal utterances, such as sentences and narratives, are
fairly recent additions to the vocal repertoire. It would also suggest
that, prior to this development, humans were communicating with one another
using only single words or multi-word phrases. I ask myself whether those
linguistic structures would have been sufficient for early humans to
organize themselves so as to pull up stakes and and travel as a community -
and to leave Africa 1.8 million years ago in the first migration. My
answer? Could be.

Food for thought, anyway.

Cheers,
Peter

On Wed, Mar 21, 2018 at 5:27 PM, David Kellogg <dkellogg60@gmail.com> wrote:

> One reason for Jews like me to be sceptical of Gans is his apparent Zionism
> (i.e. his insistence that there is a Jewish archaeological claim to the
> land of Israel, and is conflation of anti-Zionism and anti-semitism in the
> "Love and Resentment" blog).
>
> I am teaching phonetics and phonology this term, and one of the first
> things we learn is the difference between the highly musical instrument
> that we share with all of our conspecifics and the peculiar way in which we
> compose music for it (including the chords of notes, the intonational
> melodies, and the stress rhythms) which we share only with our speech
> community. The late, great Dmitri Hvorostovsky was charged with hubris for
> referring to his own mellow baritone as "the perfect instrument", but what
> he really meant was that we humans have evolved our music tastes around a
> universal, ideal, non-existent human voice (like Daniel Jones' cardinal
> vowels, which are not the vowels of any known language).
>
> But I am also sceptical of Andy's desire for archaeological evidence of
> language development--I agree with Gans that the question of the origins of
> language is solveable by other, more indirect means (e.g. studying child
> language and looking at how mitochondrial DNA changes correlate with
> language dispersion). But for that very reason I think the "Jewish" claim
> to Palestine is about as strong as the European claim to the Rift Valley in
> Kenya.
>
>
> David Kellogg
> Sangmyung University
>
> Recent Article in *Early Years*
>
> The question of questions: Hasan’s critiques, Vygotsky’s crises, and the
> child’s first interrogatives
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-
> 3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_09575146.2018.1431874&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=ex_usYzJIJsMujJgQ0CnJhEpoF-8YohgyuvesdusBUk&e=>
>
> Free e-print available at:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> tandfonline.com_eprint_6EeWMigjFARavQjDJjcW_full&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=wRlB2z1oAEdkjZ5hutg4bNq4ULJGrN5atdmmVw28Ir4&e=
>
>
> On Wed, Mar 21, 2018 at 11:35 PM, WEBSTER, DAVID S. <
> d.s.webster@durham.ac.uk> wrote:
>
> > Andy, dear heart;  busy will be tomorrow, hand excavating a Neolithic
> > ditch with mattock and trowel  - there might even be some flints to find!
> > Academic writing is pure relaxation..
> >
> > Regards
> >
> > David
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca-l-bounces@
> > mailman.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of Andy Blunden
> > Sent: 21 March 2018 13:26
> > To: xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: Cultural historical
> >
> > In short David, because I am writing. If something caught my imagination
> I
> > would make time for it. At the moment, like everyone else I suspect, I am
> > busy. But I am still up for hard news of a palaeontological kind.
> >
> > Andy
> >
> > ------------------------------------------------------------
> > Andy Blunden
> > ttp://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm
> > On 22/03/2018 12:15 AM, WEBSTER, DAVID S. wrote:
> > > Why read Wikipedia when you can just as easily read Gans? Sceptical,
> > fine, why?
> > >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > > [mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of Andy Blunden
> > > Sent: 21 March 2018 12:49
> > > To: xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > > Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: Cultural historical
> > >
> > > Wikpedia gives a fair picture of Gans's ideas, David. I'm sceptical.
> > >
> > > Andy
> > >
> > > ------------------------------------------------------------
> > > Andy Blunden
> > > ttp://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm
> > > On 21/03/2018 8:24 PM, WEBSTER, DAVID S. wrote:
> > >> As it happens there Gans offers a  blog associated  with the journal
> > >> 'Chronicles of  Love & Resentment' but his story start with his first
> > >> book 'The origins of language'. Unfortunately, palaeontological
> > >> evidence  philosophical  speculation and semiotics are blended
> > >> throughout if with shifting focus. Not much directly on tool use if
> > >> memory serves but that tends to follow on in one way or another  from
> > >> the rest. There was no expectation that anyone would  need to digest
> > >> the whole of the archive but it takes little effort to dip in and see
> > >> what may catch your interest or ire and start from there. You might
> > >> start your Gansian journey with 'The little big bang' (i.e. event of
> > >> language) https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__
> anthropoetics.ucla.edu_ap0501_gans-2D2_&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=beDbESV2n58BqEwkyS93Kx-8wP6MF9SD3bxXpLLZxWU&e=
> > >>
> > >> -----Original Message-----
> > >> From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > >> [mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of Andy Blunden
> > >> Sent: 21 March 2018 08:35
> > >> To: xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > >> Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: Cultural historical
> > >>
> > >> Sorry David. You directed us to the home page of a journal.
> > >> I am chuffed that you have actually read some of my work, but I think
> > in general people on xmca don't usually go further than reading an
> article
> > of a few thousand words if it is relevant to a discussion. A whole
> journal
> > archive?
> > >>
> > >> But if you can direct me to the article which correlates
> > palaeontological evidence and speech  and tool origins (not philosophical
> > speculation) I will be all over it. (I love philosophical speculation,
> but
> > not on this question just now).
> > >>
> > >> Andy
> > >>
> > >> ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >> Andy Blunden
> > >> ttp://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm
> > >> On 21/03/2018 7:10 PM, WEBSTER, DAVID S. wrote:
> > >>> Please forgive my impatience but I have already directed you all to a
> > site where all the points you (collectively) have so far made,  and all
> the
> > one that you are ever likely to make on this subject, have been raised
> and
> > comprehensively worked over by Gans and those many scholars who have
> > engaged with him. The nub is the progressive transformation from analogue
> > to digital required for information transfer between different systems
> > operating at differing time scales. What Gans described in his 'originary
> > hypothesis' is the same transformational operation that was used to
> teach
> > deaf and alingual children at Zagorsk that involves taking the actions of
> > appropriation (actions for life skills) and paring them down to a digital
> > code - dactylic signing. For Andy: the Urpraxis, solidarity in your
> > telling, arises at the originary scene of language (in Gans's telling)
> > through the formation of a in-group out-group relation.
> > >>>
> > >>> Rant Over
> > >>>
> > >>> Ps its not that I agree with all Gans argues, But he does attempt to
> > cover all bases where origin of language /human culture is concerned and
> in
> > a non-sectarian/non-egotistical fashion and I therefor worth engaging
> with.
> > No need to reinvent the wheel here.
> > >>>
> > >>> -----Original Message-----
> > >>> From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > >>> [mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of Andy Blunden
> > >>> Sent: 21 March 2018 05:39
> > >>> To: xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu
> > >>> Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: Cultural historical
> > >>>
> > >>> I think that the thesis that *mime* (to generalise beyond
> > >>> signing) is a plausible precursor to spoken language, and there is
> are
> > substantial anthropological arguments to support that thesis. It seems to
> > me that stone tools are precursors of tools more generally, and mime may
> be
> > a precursor to spoken language, while the anatomical prerequisites to
> > speech are evolving. How did speech become such a necessity that it drove
> > anatomical change, and when/why did tool=making "take off" after
> stagnating
> > for millennia?
> > >>>
> > >>> But I'm only guessing, as are you David!
> > >>>
> > >>> This is not a palaeontologists' list, so I guess I was
> over-optimistic
> > to think I'd get a decisive answer to this.
> > >>>
> > >>> Andy
> > >>>
> > >>> ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >>> Andy Blunden
> > >>> ttp://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm
> > >>> On 21/03/2018 4:24 PM, David Kellogg wrote:
> > >>>> I meant deaf people. There's a strong argument being made by deaf
> > >>>> linguists--which I agree with--that holds that spoken languages are
> > >>>> an offshoot of sign rather than the other way around. This sheds
> > >>>> some light on Andy's problem: people developed spoken languages
> > >>>> when they found they had other things to do with their hands, like
> > hold tools.
> > >>>> But I also think that pre-linguistic children are an important
> > >>>> minority that prefers the visual channel, at least for taking in
> > >>>> information, just as we adults who get most of our information
> > through reading do.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> There are some scripts that are more visual and others that are
> > >>>> more auditory--and within the same script we find elements that are
> > >>>> more visual (Chinese radicals) and others that are more auditory
> > >>>> (the phonetic components of Chinese characters). Even in English
> > >>>> there are some elements that are visually salient but not
> > >>>> auditorily salient (e.g. punctuation, variations in handwriting
> > >>>> styles, fonts,
> > >>>> etc.) and other elements that are more auditory (the International
> > >>>> Phonetic Alphabet which is really English based and which has
> > >>>> sought, for over a century, a perfect match between phonemes and
> > >>>> graphemes). Phonics is based on the idea that English has evolved
> > >>>> towards a one phoneme-one grapheme match; in fact, it has evolved
> > away from it.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> David Kellogg
> > >>>> Sangmyung University
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Recent Article in *Early Years*
> > >>>>
> > >>>> The question of questions: Hasan’s critiques, Vygotsky’s crises,
> > >>>> and the child’s first interrogatives
> > >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-
> 3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_09575146.2018.1431874&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=ex_usYzJIJsMujJgQ0CnJhEpoF-8YohgyuvesdusBUk&e=
> > >>>> >
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Free e-print available at:
> > >>>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> tandfonline.com_eprint_6EeWMigjFARavQjDJjcW_full&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=wRlB2z1oAEdkjZ5hutg4bNq4ULJGrN5atdmmVw28Ir4&e=
> > >>>>
> > >>>>
> > >>>> On Wed, Mar 21, 2018 at 1:11 PM, Helena Worthen
> > >>>> <helenaworthen@gmail.com>
> > >>>> wrote:
> > >>>>
> > >>>>> David, what is the important minority that you’re referring to:
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> "... the lowering of the vocal tract was phenomenal to language;
> > >>>>> it was only an epiphenomenal circumstance which made the majority
> > >>>>> of humans choose the vocal channel for language while an important
> > >>>>> minority choose the visual channel” — ?
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> And how can we see what can be seen in the visual channel?
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> Helena Worthen
> > >>>>> helenaworthen@gmail.com
> > >>>>> Berkeley, CA 94707 510-828-2745
> > >>>>> Blog US/ Viet Nam:
> > >>>>> helenaworthen.wordpress.com
> > >>>>> skype: helena.worthen1
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>> On Mar 21, 2018, at 8:37 AM, David Kellogg <dkellogg60@gmail.com>
> > wrote:
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> Andy has a knack for winkling brilliant insights out of early
> > Vygotsky:
> > >>>>> he
> > >>>>>> remarks somewhere that "Ape, Primitive, Child: Studies in the
> > >>>>>> History of Behavior," a book which I really didn't care much for,
> > >>>>>> taught him that whenever we decide on some essential distinction
> > >>>>>> between human and non-human behavior, we necessarily find
> > >>>>>> rudiments of it in non-human behavior. To which I would only add
> > >>>>>> that the circumstance that the rudiments of human behavior are
> > >>>>>> linked  to non-human behavior doesn't
> > >>>>> make
> > >>>>>> them indistinguishable. On the contrary, it is really only
> > >>>>>> because human behaviors are distinct that we can speak of them
> > >>>>>> being linked (we don't talk of air-breathing in humans as being
> > >>>>>> linked to air-breathing in apes, because the process is really
> > >>>>>> one and the same; we do speak of language
> > >>>>> in
> > >>>>>> humans as being linked to ape vocalizations precisely because
> > >>>>>> they are distinct processes). If this is true of anthropogenetic
> > >>>>>> phenomena like
> > >>>>> free
> > >>>>>> will, language and literacy, it's also true of their  symptomatic
> > >>>>>> epiphenomena, such as migration, culture, and literature. I don't
> > >>>>>> agree with Andy that the lowering of the vocal tract was
> > >>>>>> phenomenal to
> > >>>>> language;
> > >>>>>> it was only an epiphenomenal circumstance which made the majority
> > >>>>>> of
> > >>>>> humans
> > >>>>>> choose the vocal channel for language while an important minority
> > >>>>>> choose the visual channel, to which the majority again reverted
> > >>>>>> once alphabets
> > >>>>> and
> > >>>>>> literacy were invented (again, an exercise of some rudimentary
> > >>>>>> form of
> > >>>>> free
> > >>>>>> will).
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> Compare migration along a seacoast with migration into a
> > >>>>>> mountainous region. One requires no major change in productive
> > >>>>>> relations, while the other probably does. Similar with migration
> > >>>>>> along an East-West axis. This requires relatively little free
> > >>>>>> will, as the climate does not change and many of the plants and
> > animals which provide food are probably the same.
> > >>>>> In
> > >>>>>> contrast, migration along a North-South axis, which involves
> > >>>>>> climate
> > >>>>> change
> > >>>>>> and corresponding adaptations, would require relatively more
> > >>>>>> communal discussion, the process Andy calls collaborative
> > >>>>>> decision making. I think that wandering out of Africa involved,
> > >>>>>> on the one hand, migration along
> > >>>>> the
> > >>>>>> Nile and coastlines and, on the other, migration out of a
> > >>>>>> mountainous region (the Rift Valley is pretty mountainous). But
> > >>>>>> it also involved migration along a North-South axis and not an
> > >>>>>> East-West one. Of course, staying put in Africa probably also
> > >>>>>> involved collaborative decision
> > >>>>> making
> > >>>>>> over millenia, but we don't have any record of the decision as we
> > >>>>>> do with leaving the home continent
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> David Kellogg
> > >>>>>> Sangmyung University
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> Recent Article in *Early Years*
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> The question of questions: Hasan’s critiques, Vygotsky’s crises,
> > >>>>>> and the child’s first interrogatives
> > >>>>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-
> 3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_09575146.2018.14318&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=LJaYJBkDZO1hWul3UfpQ0z0FSBWjdUR6WUhWEeVO908&e=
> > >>>>>> 7
> > >>>>>> 4
> > >>>>>> Free e-print available at:
> > >>>>>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> tandfonline.com_eprint_6EeWMigjFARavQjDJjcW_full&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=wRlB2z1oAEdkjZ5hutg4bNq4ULJGrN5atdmmVw28Ir4&e=
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> On Wed, Mar 21, 2018 at 9:07 AM, Martin Packer
> > >>>>>> <mpacker@cantab.net>
> > >>>>> wrote:
> > >>>>>>> David, they wouldn't have known they were leaving their home
> > >>>>>>> continent, would they? Some of them were just lucky enough to
> > >>>>>>> wander in the
> > >>>>> direction
> > >>>>>>> of a land bridge, instead of into the ocean. Like any species
> > >>>>>>> that
> > >>>>> spreads
> > >>>>>>> into a new geographical location, no conscious decision required.
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>> Martin, who wandered into South America
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> On Mar 19, 2018, at 7:50 AM, David Kellogg
> > >>>>>>>> <dkellogg60@gmail.com>
> > >>>>> wrote:
> > >>>>>>>> Somewhere in the discussion of Monica and Fernando's article,
> > >>>>>>>> Fernando
> > >>>>>>> made
> > >>>>>>>> the remark that history does not know "ifs". Similarly, Monica
> > >>>>>>>> implied
> > >>>>> at
> > >>>>>>>> one point that large technological changes must be taken as
> > >>>>>>>> given; they
> > >>>>>>> are
> > >>>>>>>> not something over which humans have control. But even if we
> > >>>>>>>> accept the "Out of Africa" story which this article undermines,
> > >>>>>>>> we are left
> > >>>>> with
> > >>>>>>>> the apparently conscious decision of early hominids to leave
> > >>>>>>>> the home continent, something none of the other great apes ever
> > determined upon.
> > >>>>>>>> Vygotsky remarked that rudiments of all four forms of higher
> > >>>>>>>> behavior--instinct, enculturation, creativity, and free will
> > >>>>>>>> that is
> > >>>>> none
> > >>>>>>>> of these--appear even in infancy. So it appears that free will
> > >>>>>>>> was
> > >>>>> always
> > >>>>>>>> part of anthropogenesis, and consequently that
> > >>>>>>>> history--including
> > >>>>> present
> > >>>>>>>> history--knows nothing but ifs. We just don't see the others
> > >>>>>>>> because we
> > >>>>>>> are
> > >>>>>>>> sitting in one of them.
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> David Kellogg
> > >>>>>>>> Sangmyung University
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> Recent Article in *Early Years*
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> The question of questions: Hasan’s critiques, Vygotsky’s
> > >>>>>>>> crises, and
> > >>>>> the
> > >>>>>>>> child’s first interrogatives
> > >>>>>>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-
> 3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_09575146.2018.143&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=2gUdDbJLFRCjt0etkBXOCsBzJDHsHK3iuAzNltz73es&e=
> > >>>>>>>> 1
> > >>>>>>>> 8
> > >>>>>>>> 7
> > >>>>>>>> 4>
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> Free e-print available at:
> > >>>>>>>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> tandfonline.com_eprint_6EeWMigjFARavQjDJjcW_full&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=wRlB2z1oAEdkjZ5hutg4bNq4ULJGrN5atdmmVw28Ir4&e=
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> On Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 7:33 AM, mike cole <mcole@ucsd.edu>
> > wrote:
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>> This synoptic story of the current state of research on human
> > >>>>>>>>> origins
> > >>>>>>> seems
> > >>>>>>>>> relevant to the cultural-historical folks around.
> > >>>>>>>>> mike
> > >>>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> sapiens.org_evolution_human-2Devolution-2D&d=DwIFaQ&c=
> aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=
> mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=MyLNeimQQ9r8Lh-_Ju96NFG_
> BYk0N6Vbl5GyLGtlIz8&s=iVeSOjjGdN3doQjgHvAaGuS9-Pip6rK7BcaBXI_D1t8&e=
> > >>>>>>>>> australia-asia/?utm_source=SAPIENS.org+Subscribers&utm_
> > >>>>>>>>> campaign=1b31c25316-Email+Blast+12.22.2017&utm_medium=
> > >>>>>>>>> email&utm_term=0_18b7e41cd8-1b31c25316-199570669
> > >>>>>>>>>
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>

-- 
Peter Feigenbaum, Ph.D.
Director,
Office of Institutional Research
<https://www.fordham.edu/info/24303/institutional_research>
Fordham University
Thebaud Hall-202
Bronx, NY 10458

Phone: (718) 817-2243
Fax: (718) 817-3817
email: pfeigenbaum@fordham.edu