[Xmca-l] Re: The Inimitability of Grammar
Martin John Packer
mpacker@uniandes.edu.co
Mon Apr 7 17:45:41 PDT 2014
A small contribution: 'toehead'
------------------------------
A1 People
/t/
4 Young, Small People
tad, teen, toots, tot, tyke
Number of Words 5
----------------------------
On Apr 7, 2014, at 6:57 PM, Joseph Gilbert <joeg4us@roadrunner.com> wrote:
> Check out Margaret Magnus' book, "A Dictionary of English Sound" and her website, <www.trismegistos.com>. She shows that word sound is related to the characteristics of the things to which words refer.
>
> Joseph Gilbert
>
> On Apr 7, 2014, at 4:21 PM, Martin John Packer wrote:
>
>> I want to thank Rod for posting these links. Following them I came cross more: for example, this one caught my attention:
>>
>> Imai, M., Kita, S., Nagumo, M., & Okada, H. (2008). Sound symbolism facilitates early verb learning. Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Science, 109(1), 54-65.
>>
>> abstract
>>
>> Some words are sound-symbolic in that they involve a non-arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning. Here, we report that 25-month-old children are sensitive to cross-linguistically valid sound-symbolic matches in the domain of action and that this sound symbolism facilitates verb learning in young children. We constructed a set of novel sound-symbolic verbs whose sounds were judged to match certain actions better than others, as confirmed by adult Japanese- as well as English speakers, and by 2- and 3-year-old Japanese-speaking children. These sound-symbolic verbs, together with other novel non-sound-symbolic verbs, were used in a verb learning task with 3-year-old Japanese children. In line with the previous literature, 3-year-olds could not generalize the meaning of novel non-sound-symbolic verbs on the basis of the sameness of action. However, 3-year-olds could correctly generalize the meaning of novel sound-symbolic verbs. These results suggest that iconic scaffolding by means of sound symbolism plays an important role in early verb learning.
>>
>> 1. Introduction
>>
>> Since the time of Saussure, the arbitrary relationship between the sound of a word and its meaning has been held as an important principle of language (e.g., de Saus- sure, 1916/1983; Newmeyer, 1993). In mainstream linguistics, sound symbolism, in which the sound and meaning of words are systematically related, is considered to be a marginal phenomenon in language. For example, Newmeyer (1993) says that ‘‘the number of pictorial, imitative, or onomatopoetic non-derived words in any language is vanishingly small (p. 758)”.
>>
>> Such a statement, however, turns out to be too strong when one looks beyond Indo-European languages. Many languages of the world have a large grammatically defined word class in which sound symbolism is clear. ...
>>
>> Martin
>>
>>
>> On Apr 4, 2014, at 10:09 AM, Rod Parker-Rees <R.Parker-Rees@plymouth.ac.uk> wrote:
>>
>>> There has been a considerable amount of work done on cross-cultural patterns in sound symbolism and on cross-modal associations (e.g. between certain vowel sounds and visually perceived size differences). It is not surprising that we perceive the differences in 'mouth shape' between 'large' sounds and 'teeny weeny' ones and associate this with words which reference amplitude (brightness and smoothness as well as size).
>>>
>>> Some examples:
>>>
>>> Bremner, A, Caparos, S, Davidoff, J, de Fockert, J, Linnell, K and Spence, C (2013) "Bouba" and "Kiki" in Namibia? A remote culture make similar shape-sound matches, but different shape-taste matches to Westerners. Cognition 126 (2) 165-172. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027712002077
>>>
>>>
>>> Davis, R (2011) The fitness of names to drawings. A cross-cultural study in Tanganyika.
>>> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1961.tb00788.x/abstract
>>>
>>> Taylor, I. And Taylor, M.(1965) Another look at phonetic symbolism.Psychological Bulletin, Vol 64(6), Dec 1965, 413-427. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bul/64/6/413/
>>>
>>> All the best,
>>>
>>> Rod
>>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of Huw Lloyd
>>> Sent: 04 April 2014 15:26
>>> To: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity
>>> Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: The Inimitability of Grammar
>>>
>>> Joseph,
>>>
>>>> From scanning your occasionally posts over the last six years, as far
>>>> as I
>>> can see the principal problem you are having stems from holding your interest as a belief rather than an object of inquiry. You are not admitting for any thorough logic in your interest, which is why are you are continually faced with "academic" rejection.
>>>
>>> Have you, for example, studied some of the bio-mechanics of the ear, such as how movements in the air matter become translated into nerve pulses?
>>> Have you studied how word utterances influence the nervous structure of behaviour? Have you studied the social processes in the establishment of norms and how these influence meaning of sounds?
>>>
>>> If you undertake such disciplined study and demonstrate the logic of your interest, then I would predict you'll get more favourable responses -- from the scientific perspective, you'd start to be useful and relevant.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>> Huw
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 4 April 2014 02:55, Joseph Gilbert <joeg4us@roadrunner.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Dear David,
>>>> I was not expecting you to agree with me, but rather hoping that
>>>> you'll would grasp what I was explaining and respond in some relevant
>>>> fashion. It seems either you do not understand or do not want to
>>>> understand my offering. I admit, I am disappointed and frustrated with
>>>> this long-time situation. For me, it is not about blaming or, heaven
>>>> forbid, insulting anyone, it's simply about attempting to share a
>>>> discovery. I assumed, long ago, that those in the academic world would
>>>> be the most likely to understand what I had found. But it eventually
>>>> became evident to me that the very ones who, I had assumed it would be
>>>> the most fruitful to share my work with, are the most resistant to new
>>>> ideas that relate to their turf. I have yet to receive a cogent or
>>>> even minimally relevant response from any person in the world of
>>>> academia, except for one Margaret Magnus. She was denied consideration
>>>> of her doctorate thesis by Chomsky's linguistics department at MIT.
>>>> She persisted and received her doctor of philosophy degree from
>>>> Trondheim University. It seems that because her findings ran counter
>>>> to the doctrine of many current linguists (that there is no
>>>> relationship between the sounds of words and their meanings), that
>>>> even though her method of proof of her assertion was scientifically
>>>> sound, the established order would not even consider her work on its
>>>> merit. She is the only one of those in academia who responded
>>>> intelligently to what I shared with her. She posted my writings on her
>>>> website, "Magical Letter Page" and also put it on the web so that when one searches for "Joseph Gilbert sound symbolism" my writing comes up.
>>>> I was saying that, after seeing many examples of academic
>>>> writings on the subject of phonosemiotics, I have found almost none
>>>> that make any sense and/or offer any solid assertions. It is obvious
>>>> to me that the sounds we make with our voices express what's going on
>>>> with us. The ability to vocalize evolved because the ability to communicate was an advantage.
>>>> So, what was being communicated by vocal utterances? Whatever it was
>>>> still persists in all spoken-word languages. Ultimately, after all our
>>>> thinking, we are left with the sounds of our words and with the
>>>> persistent uncertainty of the final meaning of any of the many things
>>>> we may talk about. We can gain an abstract understanding, with words,
>>>> of how things work, but with all our reasoning we still cannot come to
>>>> any conclusion as to what any of it means to us. It is the sounds
>>>> themselves of our words, that serve to inform us of how we are
>>>> affected by that which makes up our world. Although this informing
>>>> takes place subliminally, it is all we have to go on in our quest for
>>>> a sense of meaning. That is the magic of
>>>> language: How we spell/pronounce our words is what creates the spell
>>>> of the our language. This is very primal and quite simple, but has
>>>> far-reaching ramifications. The spoken word is the driver of human affairs.
>>>> I come from a partly Jewish background and have much
>>>> appreciation for who the Jewish people are and the role they play in earthly affairs.
>>>> It's all about asking the relevant questions and not taking
>>>> any wooden nickels.
>>>>
>>>> Joseph C. Gilbert
>>>>
>>>> On Apr 3, 2014, at 3:08 PM, David Kellogg <dkellogg60@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Well, of course, I sent out the results of the experiment without
>>>>> any explanation because I believe that people should think for themselves.
>>>>> But Mike is right--I am mildly insulted when I receive exhortations
>>>>> to be relevant, be useful, and think for myself by agreeing with the
>>>>> person insulting me.
>>>>>
>>>>> Perhaps I shouldn't be. The truth is that I have been thinking for
>>>>> myself for so long that I actually bore myself while still managing
>>>>> to baffle the reviewers of prominent journals. And it is true that
>>>>> sometimes--yea, often--I would rather think the way that Vygotsky
>>>>> did, particularly since the way he thought seems more useful and
>>>>> relevant to my work than the way that I do.
>>>>>
>>>>> I would also like to think the way that Hannah Arendt did. One of
>>>>> the interesting remarks she makes in support of the Kantian idea
>>>>> that evil is always superficial and only moral good is genuinely
>>>>> profound is that Eichman had not mastered the grammar of the German
>>>>> language, and he speaks it rather the way that Arendt herself speaks
>>>>> English, even though Eichmann is a native speaker of German. What
>>>>> Arendt means that rather than consciously and deliberately master
>>>>> the intricate system of German articles and case endings and
>>>>> genders, Eichmann takes a shortcut--he simply memorizes phrases and
>>>>> uses them whole, the way we do when we are speaking or trying to
>>>>> write a very complex foreign language (in my case, Russian).
>>>>>
>>>>> At first I thought this was merely the hauteur of a very educated
>>>>> German Jew, the star pupil of Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers,
>>>>> confronted with an unsuccessful peripatetic oil salesman who failed
>>>>> to complete a high school education and used the extermination of
>>>>> the Jews as a way of advancing a lackluster career. But Margaret Von
>>>>> Trotta, who in the course of making the film "Hanna Arendt" also
>>>>> subjected herself to thousands of hours of Eichmann testimony, makes
>>>>> exactly the same remark. As a consequence of a lack of conscious
>>>>> awareness of the way the German language works and a reliance on
>>>>> memorized phrases, Eichmann's language is necessarily thoughtless
>>>>> and cliche ridden.
>>>>>
>>>>> Von Trotta's example is this. The judge asks Eichmann if the "Final
>>>>> Solution" would have unrolled differently had their been "civic
>>>>> responsibility", the judge is very clearly interested in whether
>>>>> people like Eichmann, who essentially bear no ill will whatsoever
>>>>> towards Jews and are simply doing a job that is somewhat more
>>>>> lucrative and promising than selling oil, would want to change their
>>>>> job if they were confronted with the kind of civic resistance that
>>>>> the "Final Solution" encountered in, say, Denmark or Serbia or
>>>>> Bulgaria (where local populations actively resisted the attempt to
>>>>> round up Jews).
>>>>>
>>>>> Eichmann makes no attempt to understand the question. He simply says
>>>>> had it benefited from sufficient hierarchical organization, it would
>>>>> undoubtedly have been more efficient and more efficiacious. But of
>>>>> course the result is nonsense, because in this case "X" is precisely
>>>>> a form of resistance to hierarchical organization. Eichmann does not
>>>>> speak German; instead, German speaks him.
>>>>>
>>>>> Bateson remarks that the reason why keeping a room tidy requires
>>>>> work, but it just gets untidy by itself is simple entropy; there are
>>>>> many more ways of being untidy than there are of being tidy (and
>>>>> when he says this, what he is really showing us--almost
>>>>> perfectly--is the big difference between the way we mediate reality
>>>>> and the way reality, objectively, really is). In the same way, being
>>>>> grammatical requires work, because there are infinitely many ways of
>>>>> being ungrammatical and relatively fewer ways of being grammatical.
>>>>> We can, of course, save work by replacing one psychological function
>>>>> (grammaticality) with another (memory), but when we do this run up
>>>>> against Arendt's biggest problem.
>>>>>
>>>>> Arendt is shocked that Eichmann uses Kant to justify his actions and
>>>>> even gives a reasonably good, though no doubt memorized, version of
>>>>> the Categorical Imperative. She concludes that there are simply very
>>>>> many ways of being evil, and relatively few of being good. The only
>>>>> reliable method of telling the difference is to think and speak for
>>>>> yourself. Paradoxically, or perhaps not so, this is something we do
>>>>> not do well unless we actually listen to others and respond to them
>>>>> in sentences that cannot be readily Googled.
>>>>>
>>>>> David Kellogg
>>>>> Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> simply want to advance their career, So the I want people to think
>>>>> for themselves. B
>>>>>
>>>>> On 4 April 2014 01:35, mike cole <lchcmike@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>> I believe David is commenting on Joseph's exhortation that we spend
>>>>>> our time more usefully, Michael.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> hangin' out in southern california.
>>>>>> mike
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Thu, Apr 3, 2014 at 2:15 AM, Michael <mlevykh@shaw.ca> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> David,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> But what exactly does your "little experiment" mean?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> -----------------------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Dr. Michael G. Levykh, Ph.D.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Therapist, Affective Speech Remediation
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Psycho-Educational Consultant
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Voice Teacher, Vocal Coach
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <http://www.autisticvancouver.com/> www.autisticvancouver.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 604.322.1019
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Sharpening the Ear for Better Communication
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> and Socially Appropriate Behaviour
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>>>> From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu
>>>>>>> [mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu] On Behalf Of David
>>>>>>> Kellogg
>>>>>>> Sent: April-02-14 11:48 PM
>>>>>>> To: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity
>>>>>>> Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: vygotsky's theory and symbolic
>>>>>>> interactionism
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I just tried a little experiment. I googled "Think for yourself!"
>>>>>>> "Be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> relevant!" and "Be useful!" to see how many times someone has had,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> more or less, these exact sentiments in these exact words.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Here's what I found:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Be useful!" 4,030,020 matches in .32 seconds.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Be relevant!" 607,000,000 in 0.26 seconds. (Much easier to find.)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Think for yourself!" 717 million mentions in only .040 seconds!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> David Kellogg
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 3 April 2014 11:24, Lois Holzman
>>>>>>> <lholzman@eastsideinstitute.org>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Joseph
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I'd like to know more about you. I appreciate your comment on the
>>>> current
>>>>>>> "conversational thread."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lois
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lois Holzman
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Director, East Side Institute for Group & Short Term
>>>>>>>> Psychotherapy
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 104-106 South Oxford Street
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Brooklyn, New York 11217
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Chair, Global Outreach, All Stars Project, UX
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Tel. +1.212.941.8906 x324
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Fax +1.718.797.3966
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> lholzman@eastsideinstitute.org
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Social Media
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Facebook | LinkedIn | Twitter
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Blogs
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Psychology Today| Psychology of Becoming | ESI Community News
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Websites
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lois Holzman | East Side Institute | Performing the World
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> All Stars Project
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Apr 2, 2014, at 12:49 PM, Joseph Gilbert
>>>>>>>> <joeg4us@roadrunner.com>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> May I suggest that you-all emphasize your own questioning and
>>>> thinking
>>>>>>> rather than mainly referring to great innovators and thinkers of
>>>>>>> the
>>>> past.
>>>>>>> By concentrating on what has already been said by recognized
>>>> authorities,
>>>>>>> one stays mired in the past. It is natural for intelligent,
>>>>>>> conscious beings to have their own wonderings/questions. What are
>>>>>>> yours? Do you wish to remake the world in any way? Would you like
>>>>>>> to have a peaceful planet
>>>> for
>>>>>>> your grandchildren? What needs to be done in order to achieve
>>>>>>> that? How about a new perception, an updated world-view, based
>>>>>>> upon our best
>>>> current
>>>>>>> knowledge of human nature? Just as many Christians look backward
>>>>>>> to
>>>> Jesus
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>> chart their course, academicians in this current corporate state
>>>>>>> tend
>>>> to
>>>>>>> remain stuck in the already accepted arguments and premises
>>>>>>> established long ago. Please break free and really accomplish
>>>>>>> something useful with your wealth of knowledge rather than mostly
>>>>>>> engaging in "small talk" among
>>>> your
>>>>>>> cohorts in an isolated i
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> vory tower. We (humanity) need all the help we can get. It seems
>>>>>>> you should be able to do more than split hairs among yourselves
>>>>>>> while the real
>>>> needs
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>> the world go unaddressed. Get back to the basics and build from
>>>>>>> there, using what you really believe to be true as your
>>>>>>> navigational instruments.
>>>> Think
>>>>>>> for yourselves! Be original! Be relevant! Be useful!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Joseph Gilbert
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Apr 2, 2014, at 8:27 AM, mike cole <lchcmike@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Seems like you nailed it, Robert, (and Benjamin read it there?).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> The lesson I take away from this is that we are all "so-called
>>>>>>> thinkers"
>>>>>>> by
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> virtue of the fact that our consciousness is mediated through
>>>> culture.
>>>>>>> The
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> imagined present never precisely matches the encountered future.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> In so far as there is an antidote to this characteristic of
>>>>>>>>>> humans,
>>>> so
>>>>>>> far
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> as I can figure out, it is develop cultural practices that
>>>>>>>>>> might be
>>>>>>> called
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> "critical" in that they diverge from the common imaginary worlds.
>>>>>>> Having
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> criticized, the preferred next step would be to test out your
>>>> imagined
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> world in practice in order to discover its flaws.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> What do others conclude?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> mike
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 1, 2014 at 7:56 PM, Robert Lake
>>>>>>> <boblake@georgiasouthern.edu>wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> See highlighted phrase below :-).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Marx-Engels Correspondence 1893
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Engels to Franz Mehring Abstract
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Source: *Marx and Engels Correspondence*;
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Publisher: International Publishers (1968);
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> First Published: *Gestamtausgabe*;
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Translated: Donna Torr;
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Transcribed: Sally
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Ryan<
>>>> http://www.marxists.org/admin/volunteers/biographies/sryan.htm
>>>>>>>> in
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> 2000;
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> HTML Markup: Sally Ryan.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> London, July 14, 1893
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Today is my first opportunity to thank you for the *Lessing
>>>>>>>>>>> Legend*
>>>>>>> you
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> were kind enough to send me. I did not want to reply with a
>>>>>>>>>>> bare
>>>>>>> formal
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> acknowledgment of receipt of the book but intended at the same
>>>> time to
>>>>>>> tell
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> you something about it, about its contents. Hence the delay.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I shall begin at the end -- the appendix on historical
>>>> materialism, in
>>>>>>> which
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> you have described the main things excellently and for any
>>>>>>> unprejudiced
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> person convincingly. If I find anything to object to it is
>>>>>>>>>>> that you
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> attribute more credit to me than I deserve, even if I count in
>>>>>>> everything
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> which I might possibly have found out for myself - in time -
>>>>>>>>>>> but
>>>> which
>>>>>>> Marx
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> with his more rapid *coup d'oeil* (grasp) and wider vision
>>>> discovered
>>>>>>> much
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> more quickly. When one has the good fortune to work for forty
>>>>>>>>>>> years
>>>>>>> with a
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> man like Marx, one does not usually get the recognition one
>>>>>>>>>>> thinks
>>>> one
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> deserves during his lifetime. Then if the greater man dies,
>>>>>>>>>>> the
>>>> lesser
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> easily gets overrated, and this seems to me to be just my case
>>>>>>>>>>> at
>>>>>>> present;
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> history will set all this right in the end and by that time
>>>>>>>>>>> one
>>>> will
>>>>>>> be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> safely round the corner and know nothing more about anything.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Otherwise there is only one other point lacking, which,
>>>>>>>>>>> however,
>>>> Marx
>>>>>>> and I
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> always failed to stress enough in our writings and in regard
>>>>>>>>>>> to
>>>> which
>>>>>>> we
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> are all equally guilty. That is to say, we all laid, and *were
>>>> bound
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> lay*,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> the main emphasis, in the first place, on the *derivation* of
>>>>>>> political,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> juridical and other ideological notions, and of actions
>>>>>>>>>>> arising
>>>>>>> through
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> medium of these notions, from basic economic facts. But in so
>>>> doing we
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> neglected the formal side -- the ways and means by which these
>>>>>>> notions,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> etc., come about -- for the sake of the content. This has
>>>>>>>>>>> given our
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> adversaries a welcome opportunity for misunderstandings, of
>>>>>>>>>>> which
>>>> Paul
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Barth is a striking example.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Ideology is a process accomplished by the so-called thinker
>>>>>>> consciously,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> indeed, but with a false consciousness.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 1, 2014 at 9:24 PM, Martin John Packer
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> <mpacker@uniandes.edu.co>wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Wikipedia attributes the phase to Engels.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Martin
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Apr 1, 2014, at 8:13 PM, Douglas Williams
>>>>>>>>>>>> <djwdoc@yahoo.com>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Hi--
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> The term false consciousness is from Walter Benjamin in a
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1930
>>>>>>> review
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Siegfried Kracauer's Die Angestellten, drawing from Marx. The
>>>> idea in
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Marx
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> is described in terms of alienation and estrangement from
>>>>>>>>>>>> real
>>>>>>> objects
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> activity.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>> https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.ht
>>>> m
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> ________________________________
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> From: Andy Blunden <ablunden@mira.net>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> To: "eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity"
>>>>>>>>>>>>> <xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Sent: Tuesday, April 1, 2014 5:14 PM
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: vygotsky's theory and symbolic
>>>> interactionism
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tom, so far as I know, the term "false consciousness" was
>>>> invented
>>>>>>> by
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> feminists in the 1970s and was never used by Marx, and I
>>>>>>>>>>>>> don't
>>>> think
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> concept is consistent with his ideas, as expressed in the
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Theses
>>>> on
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Feuerbach which you quoted, for example.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Andy
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> --
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> *Andy Blunden*
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> http://home.mira.net/~andy/
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tom Richardson wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ... In the first place, it should be noted that Marx, like
>>>> Spinoza
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> later
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Freud, believed that most of what men consciously think is
>>>> "false"
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> consciousness, is ideology and rationalization; that the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> true
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> mainsprings
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> of man's actions are unconscious to him.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>> ________________________________
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