Hi, Peter J., Anna, Dot, everyone: I've not yet read the last chapter - I'm responding to previous messages, trying to articulate my understanding of the 'external/internal' confusion. Peter J. contributed a complexifying :) discussion of 'the social' hoping to move beyond these terms. I find it useful to push semantic boundaries like this, but I think I might be landing on a different position (?). Peter wrote: "when I am active _scientifically_ ... my activity is SOCIAL... My OWN existence IS social activity, and therefore that which I make of myself, I make of myself for society and w/ the consciousness of myself as a social being..." and later: "this "internal" activity in the head is part of any activity! if activity is truly conscious and purposeful (ie it has an object, motive...)" and "the plan is the thing" (that distinguishes the architect from the bee) The line between 'internal' and 'external' is removed; a line is drawn between 'science' & 'play'? Maybe Peter can say more about what counts as "conscious" and what does not. The emphasis on conscious purpose and scientific production concerns me if it is taken as exclusive of the non-scientific, the quasi-conscious, the intuition, etc. I think Peter would agree, these distinctions are false. I certainly agree with him that to BE fully conscious one must "make of (oneself) for society and with the consciousness of (oneself) as a social being." Let me spin the notion of the social individual out along the line of being aware of oneself as a social being. Since we are social beings and both affected by the actions of others and affecting them, then to understand ourselves as social beings presupposes at least partial (full isn't possible) awareness of the effects we have on others. And that presupposes that we necessarily READ the social -- societal structures and patterns -- in the ways in which we and others act and interact. Moreover, I would say that it is in the way we READ that we necessarily perform ourselves as social. Our reading is our DOING of the social as much as our production of artifacts. Big lessons here for me. I really appreciate, from the exchange between Anna and Dot, getting a better picture of the historical context of CHAT. I've learned a lot about activity theory and CHAT thoughout the semantic pushing and pulling of various threads. There is one point that Anna made that I would make somewhat differently (nothing of course to do with context of CHAT!) -- the point she made: "we draw a line between discourse-oriented constructivism which believes in changing reality through changing the discourse and activity-oriented... constructivism that puts practice at the foundation of psychology as a scientific discipline." My rephrasing: "We draw a line between discourse-oriented constructivism which believes in changing reality through words alone... " In my understanding of discourse - and that of all those I know who are interested in discourse -- we presuppose that the term refers to practices, not simply talk, but ways of doing & interacting, in service of particular objects/ motives... As everywhere, the dualism, the line, should be understood as problematic. Our activities, not our ideologies, are the basis for meaning. There I think everyone concurs. Judy