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Figure 6.1
A passbook required of black South Africans over the age of sixteen, under the apartheid
regime.
Source: The Hoover Institution pamphlet collection, Stanford University, "The Fight
for Freedom in South Africa and What It Means for Workers in the United States,"
produced by Red Sun Press publications, 11. |
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transgression were severe, as Frankel notes. "The inestimable number of 'illegals' in the urban areas live a life of harassment that is Kafkaesque in its proportions, yet even those fortunate enough to qualify for urban status are faced with a harsh and insecure daily existence where the loss of a document, some technical violation of the mass of administrative decrees, or some arbitrary (and often vindictive) stroke of the bureaucratic pen, can mean condemnation to perpetual displacement" (1979, 205). A Foucaldian system of control of all people except whites ensued (although by law the restrictions applied to whites entering proscribed areas, this was rarely enforced and whites did not carry pass books) (Black Sash 1971, Mathabane 1986). Blacks |
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