[Xmca-l] Re: Rio Tinto Zinc

robsub@ariadne.org.uk robsub@ariadne.org.uk
Wed Sep 16 02:13:48 PDT 2020


Very informative, David - thank you.

Poland moves around, of course, quite literally - maybe that's what it 
is :-)

Rob

On 16/09/2020 09:55, David Kellogg wrote:
> Rob--
>
> Mental maps fascinate me too. I think that in Marx's time the 
> distinction was a religious one: the areas that belonged to the 
> Eastern Roman Empire, and then Byzantium, and then constituted the 
> religious domain of the Orthodox Church constituted Eastern Europe, 
> except Poland which although Catholic was part of the Russian empire 
> (and spoke a Slavic language). Of course, the distinction between 
> Southern Europe and Northern Europe was ALSO a religious one--again, 
> except for Poland. I wonder what it is about Poland!.
>
> David Kellogg
> Sangmyung University
>
> New article in Mind, Culture, and Activity:
> Realizations: non-causal but real relationships in and between 
> Halliday, Hasan, and Vygotsky
>
> Some free e-prints today available at:
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/Y8YHS3SRW42VXPTVY2Z6/full?target=10.1080*10749039.2020.1806329__;Lw!!Mih3wA!UsU8JIMlK08PWDRU6ZjEsWP8thEchPfbNZGQLrFqlCNseRri13SPhK9P8qgDDP9fS9LpRw$  
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/Y8YHS3SRW42VXPTVY2Z6/full?target=10.1080*10749039.2020.1806329__;Lw!!Mih3wA!RPhZDSTWklPFNNVX5ZygsIrky2E8UdGSQd69tXmBl7roVIEtfrXOHHoX1cacJ5Amyt9hEA$>
>
> New Translation with Nikolai Veresov: L.S. Vygotsky's Pedological 
> Works Volume One: Foundations of Pedology"
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811505270__;!!Mih3wA!UsU8JIMlK08PWDRU6ZjEsWP8thEchPfbNZGQLrFqlCNseRri13SPhK9P8qgDDP-5oia81A$  
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811505270__;!!Mih3wA!RPhZDSTWklPFNNVX5ZygsIrky2E8UdGSQd69tXmBl7roVIEtfrXOHHoX1cacJ5A1TJkZFw$>
>
>
> On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 5:20 PM robsub@ariadne.org.uk 
> <mailto:robsub@ariadne.org.uk> <robsub@ariadne.org.uk 
> <mailto:robsub@ariadne.org.uk>> wrote:
>
>     Slightly off topic, but mental maps have always fascinated me. I
>     wonder what Marx meant by "western" Europe. Where was the boundary
>     then between "western" and "eastern" Europe? Was it just in Marx's
>     mental map or a common mental map?
>
>     Rob
>
>     On 16/09/2020 01:33, Andy Blunden wrote:
>>
>>     This letter:
>>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1881/letters/81_03_08.htm__;!!Mih3wA!UsU8JIMlK08PWDRU6ZjEsWP8thEchPfbNZGQLrFqlCNseRri13SPhK9P8qgDDP9Q5EGq4w$ 
>>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1881/letters/81_03_08.htm__;!!Mih3wA!Wc7U2Qr5zMgrKKeh_jEXkdulE0GgE_Mf1JJ9xPU3T2lU6DpYFZfSmiQ9Rs0MpFuzxe_8fw$>
>>     is one occasion when Marx makes it clear that he makes no claim
>>     for the inevitability of a capitalist stage of social
>>     development, only that this was what was actually the case in
>>     Europe in his time. Note that Marx's correspondence with Vera
>>     Zasulich was published in Russia in 1924, so Vygotsky would have
>>     been aware of this.
>>
>>     Andy
>>
>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>     *Andy Blunden*
>>     Hegel for Social Movements
>>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://brill.com/view/title/54574__;!!Mih3wA!Wc7U2Qr5zMgrKKeh_jEXkdulE0GgE_Mf1JJ9xPU3T2lU6DpYFZfSmiQ9Rs0MpFu6Xfct7w$>
>>     Home Page
>>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm__;!!Mih3wA!Wc7U2Qr5zMgrKKeh_jEXkdulE0GgE_Mf1JJ9xPU3T2lU6DpYFZfSmiQ9Rs0MpFttzS7DtA$>
>>
>>     On 16/09/2020 1:58 am, Martin Packer wrote:
>>>>     capitalism, and hence the idea of nature as capital, is no
>>>>     universal stage (contrary to what Stalin taught).
>>>
>>>     This happens to be something I’ve been thinking about recently —
>>>     the ‘evitability’ (avoidability, as opposed to inevitability) of
>>>     capitalism. I’ve been reading some of the work of Douglass
>>>     North, who won a Nobel prize in economics in 1993 for his
>>>     analysis of the role that institutions have played in economic
>>>     ‘development,’ He thought  he was describing how the West
>>>     achieved ‘progress’ and has been able to ‘evolve’ further than
>>>     other regions, but one can read his work as describing
>>>     alternative pathways in the formation of economic systems, which
>>>     in the West has led to an imbalance in which profit and growth
>>>     have become the only measures of societal and individual
>>>     achievement.
>>>
>>>     A neat illustration: the NY Times has been publishing
>>>     reflections upon an article written 50 years ago by Milton
>>>     Friedman titled "The Social Responsibility Of Business Is
>>>     to Increase Its Profits." Friedman wrote:
>>>
>>>         WHEN I hear businessmen speak eloquently about the
>>>         “social responsibilities of business in a free‐enterprise
>>>         system,” I am reminded of the wonderful line about the
>>>         Frenchman who discovered at, the age of 70 that he had been
>>>         speaking prose all his life. The businessmen believe that
>>>         they are defending free enterprise when they declaim
>>>         that business is not concerned “merely” with profit but also
>>>         with promoting desirable “social” ends; that business has a
>>>         “social conscience” and takes seriously its responsibilities
>>>         for providing employment, eliminating discrimination,
>>>         avoiding pollution and whatever else may be the catchwords
>>>         of the contemporary crop of reformers. In fact they are—or
>>>         would be if they or any one else took them seriously—
>>>         preaching pure and unadulterated socialism. Businessmen who
>>>         talk this way are unwitting puppets of the intellectual
>>>         forces that have been undermining the basis of a free
>>>         society these past decades.
>>>
>>>
>>>     It will be hard to find a better statement of the ideology that
>>>     has got us all into the current mess.
>>>
>>>     On the left, was it with Lenin that capitalism became viewed as
>>>     a necessary prerequisite to socialism? For example, as I
>>>     understand it after the revolution in Mexico, 1910-1920, the PRI
>>>     (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) worked hard to turn the
>>>     indigenous peoples into a proletariat. This was the only way
>>>     they could imagine societal progress: quickly moving the country
>>>     into capitalism so as to achieve socialism. I conclude that it
>>>     was not only Stalin who taught this.
>>>
>>>     Martin
>>>
>>>
>>>>     On Sep 14, 2020, at 9:57 PM, David Kellogg
>>>>     <dkellogg60@gmail.com <mailto:dkellogg60@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>     If you click on the link that Henry, and before him John,
>>>>     offered, you get the pro-natural-capital side of a debate in
>>>>     the pages of the Guardian on whether or not "nature" can be
>>>>     valued as capital and whether it is good or bad for nature for
>>>>     humans to do this. I think that in CHAT, we are indebted to
>>>>     Marx for many things, but surely one debt we would do well not
>>>>     to disavow is Marx's insistence (in Critique of the Gotha
>>>>     programme and elsewhere) that nature is NOT capital: on the
>>>>     contrary, humans and all of their various property forms from
>>>>     communism to capitalism must be considered peculiar forms of
>>>>     nature. This is a discussion that CHAT needs to have if we are
>>>>     going to retain the AT in CHAT. I disagree with Peter Jones on
>>>>     many many things, but one thing I heartily agree with him on is
>>>>     the idea that Leontiev brings an intensely anti-naturalistic
>>>>     view of activity into activity theory--humans acting as
>>>>     subjects on passive environments to produce beneficial outcomes.
>>>>
>>>>     Marx had a better idea: in the Ethnological Notebooks, he shows
>>>>     us that capitalism, and hence the idea of nature as capital, is
>>>>     no universal stage (contrary to what Stalin taught). Western
>>>>     capitalism, with its idea of nature as capital, is really  just
>>>>     one extreme variant. In Marx's columns on the Sepoy rebellion
>>>>     and the Taiping rebellion, he even posits an "Asiantic mode of
>>>>     production" that had virtually nothing to do with feudalism. So
>>>>     to say that South Korea and Japan are equally capitalist
>>>>     societies is really a little like saying that China and the
>>>>     USSR were equally non-capitalist. Deus Sive Natura: and neither
>>>>     one is capital.
>>>>
>>>>     David Kellogg
>>>>     Sangmyung University
>>>>
>>>>     New article in Mind, Culture, and Activity:
>>>>     Realizations: non-causal but real relationships in and between
>>>>     Halliday, Hasan, and Vygotsky
>>>>
>>>>     Some free e-prints today available at:
>>>>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/Y8YHS3SRW42VXPTVY2Z6/full?target=10.1080*10749039.2020.1806329__;Lw!!Mih3wA!UsU8JIMlK08PWDRU6ZjEsWP8thEchPfbNZGQLrFqlCNseRri13SPhK9P8qgDDP9fS9LpRw$ 
>>>>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/Y8YHS3SRW42VXPTVY2Z6/full?target=10.1080*10749039.2020.1806329__;Lw!!Mih3wA!W-RPX1ECIuKav0e-i1es3roVHR0WUtjgmoG2iARQqbybBsxElYTIACu53v3cWm487oUiBw$>
>>>>
>>>>     New Translation with Nikolai Veresov: L.S. Vygotsky's
>>>>     Pedological Works Volume One: Foundations of Pedology"
>>>>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811505270__;!!Mih3wA!UsU8JIMlK08PWDRU6ZjEsWP8thEchPfbNZGQLrFqlCNseRri13SPhK9P8qgDDP-5oia81A$ 
>>>>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811505270__;!!Mih3wA!W-RPX1ECIuKav0e-i1es3roVHR0WUtjgmoG2iARQqbybBsxElYTIACu53v3cWm7NjX5sJQ$>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     On Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 3:43 AM HENRY SHONERD
>>>>     <hshonerd@gmail.com <mailto:hshonerd@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>         Martin, John and Andy
>>>>         Thanks to Martin for kicking off this topic and John and
>>>>         Andy for following up. I has amazed me to find, for me, how
>>>>         the RTZ narrative resonates with both Navajo and Pueblo
>>>>         narratives here in New Mexico. How evil RTZ  is, but how
>>>>         wonderful the courage of our native peoples!
>>>>
>>>>         Chaco Canyon IS a tourist destination here in New Mexico.
>>>>         Though there has been no destruction of the site that,
>>>>         based on Native American narratives and the efforts of
>>>>         archeologists, is architecturally spectacular evidence of
>>>>         the pre-Colombian culture from which the present-day
>>>>         Pueblos come. What parallels RTZ activities on aboriginal
>>>>         lands in Australia is the drilling for gas and oil on
>>>>         Navajo lands surrounding Chaco and a rush to buy more
>>>>         rights while Trump is in power. There have been protests,
>>>>         though nothing as intense and effective as the Standing
>>>>         Rock protests to protect water on native lands to our north
>>>>         and east from gas and oil predation (the pipeline).
>>>>         Standing Rock was LED by Native Americans, many from the
>>>>         Navajo, Apache and Pueblo near me.
>>>>
>>>>         I just saw yesterday a 30-year-old film that is one of the
>>>>         offerings of the Vision Maker Film Festival: Clear Cut. I
>>>>         recommend it, or at least a look at the wiki article about
>>>>         it. It couldn’t be more timely. It’s messy, where
>>>>         contention between environmental and logging interests and
>>>>         division WITHIN the native community (traditon vs. jobs)
>>>>         leave one stunned. What redeems a messy struggle is exactly
>>>>         what Andy says: The aboriginal people of the world do it
>>>>         for us! In the same way, when “our” Pueblos put on feasts
>>>>         and invite us in to witness their dances, they do it for
>>>>         us. Perhaps you recall the movie “Koyaniskaatsi”, la Hopi
>>>>         word that has been translated as "life out of balance".
>>>>         (The Hopis are a Puebloan people, descendants of the
>>>>         Chacoan culture. The Navajos and Apaches arrived here about
>>>>         the same time as the European colonizers, based on
>>>>         linguistic and genetic evidence.) If you live in New
>>>>         Mexico, you are around Pueblo people. If you are really
>>>>         lucky, and many of us are, you become friends with them and
>>>>         they invite you to share their food at the feasts! How
>>>>         generous is this? They do it for us.
>>>>
>>>>         The RTZ narrative is not only destructive to cultural
>>>>         capital, it is implicated in natural capital
>>>>         (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/nov/23/monbiot-natural-capital-wrong-conservation__;!!Mih3wA!UsU8JIMlK08PWDRU6ZjEsWP8thEchPfbNZGQLrFqlCNseRri13SPhK9P8qgDDP9KEa9aFA$ 
>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/nov/23/monbiot-natural-capital-wrong-conservation__;!!Mih3wA!SBdL369rv5LA2eUVglK7x1RO_gnzeKTtEL3aixjV1TAMOI-HkqMNbHUWvJAN5h7atm8Krw$>)
>>>>         via climate change. (The link here, to a Guardian article
>>>>         is available through the first link in John’s post). Here
>>>>         again we should look to our native peoples. There is
>>>>         credible research that concludes the climate change
>>>>         lengthens fire seasons but wrong-headed environmental
>>>>         policies make the fires more intense, hence less
>>>>         controllable. Add to this the incursion of housing into
>>>>         forested areas and the destruction is a doubly
>>>>         self-inflicted wound. And hold on for this one for the best
>>>>         CHAT connection: Native peoples of this continent used to
>>>>         set controlled burns to remove the kind of unburnt fuel to
>>>>         avoid such conflagrations. Today some of  the best-trained
>>>>         and most effective firefighters in this country are Native
>>>>         Americans. Cultural capital. They do it for us, and their
>>>>         example from the past can serve us now. Cultural capital.
>>>>
>>>>         I believe I have crowed before about New Mexico and our
>>>>         Native Americans. Australia has crowing rights as well.
>>>>         And, for standing proud, there’s nothing like an anthem.
>>>>         The best anthem music I have EVER heard comes from
>>>>         Australia: Yothu Yindi What a great project that brings
>>>>         together white people and people of color. What great
>>>>         creative collaboration. Andy, I am telling you again,
>>>>         project is a great unit of analysis, precisely because it
>>>>         brings together cognition and affect, because it embodies
>>>>         active orientation. In my country, it is pretty well agreed
>>>>         that the natives got screwed, across the political divide.
>>>>         Black Lives Matter is more complex, but there is hope that
>>>>         the question of race is now where LGBTQ issues were at the
>>>>         time of the AIDS crisis, in the last century. Back then we
>>>>         could never have guessed we would be where we are with
>>>>         non-gender-conforming acceptance now. Just saying, as much
>>>>         for myself as for anybody else listening.
>>>>
>>>>         La Era Está Pariendo Un Corazón
>>>>         Henry
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>         On Sep 13, 2020, at 8:09 PM, Andy Blunden
>>>>>         <andyb@marxists.org <mailto:andyb@marxists.org>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>         Er. " *NO *physical markers"
>>>>>
>>>>>         ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>>         *Andy Blunden*
>>>>>         Hegel for Social Movements
>>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://brill.com/view/title/54574__;!!Mih3wA!S5K6-3pAdjVKLQOipHOtp4mkhFhXR1sxkXKZDQnO0A7C1xQKXN0SUjkqI9KbXmCMTCf0iQ$>
>>>>>         Home Page
>>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm__;!!Mih3wA!S5K6-3pAdjVKLQOipHOtp4mkhFhXR1sxkXKZDQnO0A7C1xQKXN0SUjkqI9KbXmDbUUpHdA$>
>>>>>
>>>>>         On 14/09/2020 11:43 am, Andy Blunden wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>         Firstly, an apology. I replied on the list before
>>>>>>         noticing that John had already responded, and John is
>>>>>>         much better informed than me about these matters, and yet
>>>>>>         I spoke as if he didn't exist. My apologies.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>         These caves are nothing for tourism. They are too remote
>>>>>>         and there are others more accessible. I believe the caves
>>>>>>         have been under Native Title as a result of a bitter
>>>>>>         struggle to protect them by the local people in the
>>>>>>         1990s. This means that RTZ had to get permission from the
>>>>>>         PKK people. The lawyers swindled them.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>         In my view, all these sites which are not only part of
>>>>>>         Aboriginal heritage (there are places which have *NO
>>>>>>         *physical markers of their status but are sacred to the
>>>>>>         local people) but self-evidently of *world* heritage. But
>>>>>>         I don't think these caves were registered as World
>>>>>>         Heritage. I have not heard the discussion about this
>>>>>>         (John?). No-one wants to say this, I think, because it
>>>>>>         implies that Indigenous values are somehow less important
>>>>>>         than human values. For example, under the law as it
>>>>>>         stands the PKK Land Council would have a right to let RTZ
>>>>>>         destroy the caves and maybe a million dollars or two in
>>>>>>         the bank or a new school, would be enough. This is not a
>>>>>>         hypothetical. One of the reasons that the Indigenous
>>>>>>         people remain impoverished even where they have Native
>>>>>>         Title over large areas of land, is that they live, after
>>>>>>         all, in a capitalist country and Native title cannot be
>>>>>>         sold. It is not a commodity. Therefore it is not a form
>>>>>>         of wealth. You can't get a mortgage to build a house on
>>>>>>         land you own by Native title. You can't sell a block to a
>>>>>>         farmer so you can buy agricultural equipment to farm
>>>>>>         another block. In short, by blocking the Indigenous
>>>>>>         people from monetising their land rights we trap them in
>>>>>>         poverty. In general, the indigenous people are happy to
>>>>>>         forgo tourist income to protect their sacred sites (e.g.
>>>>>>         Uluru) and I don't doubt for an instant, that if they'd
>>>>>>         been properly consulted they never would have agreed to
>>>>>>         the destruction of the caves. Obviously. But they do have
>>>>>>         to have rights to trade with their land. But also the
>>>>>>         world needs to keep absolutely unique archaeological
>>>>>>         sites pristine and the local people should be supported
>>>>>>         by governments to do the work of protecting them on *our*
>>>>>>         behalf. Recognising the great cost entailed.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>         Andy
>>>>>>
>>>>>>         ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>>>         *Andy Blunden*
>>>>>>         Hegel for Social Movements
>>>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://brill.com/view/title/54574__;!!Mih3wA!XARa5o_f0_F8FwoOvEi2G83w7OupjEw0Qs4sAopd9iMJNxF19MT9A4BOkNVcEAAZnw4ahQ$>
>>>>>>         Home Page
>>>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm__;!!Mih3wA!XARa5o_f0_F8FwoOvEi2G83w7OupjEw0Qs4sAopd9iMJNxF19MT9A4BOkNVcEABlTgxfKw$>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>         On 14/09/2020 4:53 am, Martin Packer wrote:
>>>>>>>         Thanks, John and Andy,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>         I suppose that I am naive, for this event astonishes me
>>>>>>>         in so many different ways. I would have assumed that the
>>>>>>>         land title or native title granted to indigenous peoples
>>>>>>>         over some territory in Australia would have included
>>>>>>>         the Juuken Gorge caves. I would have assumed that these
>>>>>>>         caves were a national cultural heritage site, or even a
>>>>>>>         world cultural heritage site. I would have assumed that
>>>>>>>         indigenous rights would have more importance to the
>>>>>>>         Australian government, and indeed to the Australian
>>>>>>>         people. I would have assumed that, while mining is
>>>>>>>         apparently of great economic importance to the country,
>>>>>>>         the government would have considered the economic value
>>>>>>>         of this site for tourism, or simply the impact that
>>>>>>>         destroying the caves would have on Australia’s
>>>>>>>         reputation. And while I suppose that unbridled
>>>>>>>         rapaciousness on the part of an international mining
>>>>>>>         company is hardly a surprise, I would have thought that
>>>>>>>         Rio Tinto would also have considered the negative
>>>>>>>         publicity that their actions would create.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>         How can we express our displeasure to the various
>>>>>>>         parties involved? Are there petitions that one can sign?
>>>>>>>         Or Twitter accounts to which one can tweet?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>         I wonder how much the salary is of (ex) CEO
>>>>>>>         Jean-Sebastien Jacques, if his bonus this year would
>>>>>>>         have been A$4.9 million. Perhaps he could donate a few
>>>>>>>         years of his salary to establish a foundation that could
>>>>>>>         work for indigenous peoples’ rights.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>         sadly
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>         Martin
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         On Sep 12, 2020, at 8:59 PM, John Cripps Clark
>>>>>>>>         <john.crippsclark@deakin.edu.au
>>>>>>>>         <mailto:john.crippsclark@deakin.edu.au>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         The destruction of the Juunken Gorge caves (which I
>>>>>>>>         assume you are referring to) is a much more villainous
>>>>>>>>         act than was originally portrayed and reflects the
>>>>>>>>         venal racism not only of the company but also of the
>>>>>>>>         State Government. For those not familiar with this
>>>>>>>>         shocking crime, the $80b Anglo Australian mining
>>>>>>>>         company which on Sunday 24th of May blew up a site
>>>>>>>>         sacred to the Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura (PKKP)
>>>>>>>>         traditional owners and occupied for 46,000 years at
>>>>>>>>         least, to extend iron ore mining. "“It’s one of the
>>>>>>>>         most sacred sites in the Pilbara region … we wanted to
>>>>>>>>         have that area protected,” PKKP director Burchell
>>>>>>>>         Hayes. The traditional owners tried desperately to stop
>>>>>>>>         the blast once they became aware it was impending.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         At the time Rio Tinto claimed "Clearly there was a
>>>>>>>>         misunderstanding" but and, after much outrage, the
>>>>>>>>         three members of the executive had their multi million
>>>>>>>>         dollar bonuses reduced. It has subsequently emerged
>>>>>>>>         that Rio Tinto had contracted lawyers to oppose any
>>>>>>>>         injunctions before the crime was committed. The chief
>>>>>>>>         executive and two of his underlings have resigned.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         The crime was legal and was made possible by State
>>>>>>>>         Government laws which are stacked in favour of miners.
>>>>>>>>         Assessments of the cultural and environmental
>>>>>>>>         significance are made with little investigation and
>>>>>>>>         remain in place for decades and have rarely been
>>>>>>>>         successfully be challenged. No permission to destroy
>>>>>>>>         heritage sites in WA has been refused (and there have
>>>>>>>>         been 463 applications).
>>>>>>>>         https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-31/wa-heritage-destroyed-by-rio-tinto-example-of-national-trend/12305298__;!!Mih3wA!Q80d_k7DkHBzzs0yi4W5IfiSTlRupZ8XOxiOsNcARSHE8ZZrLW7G-oWoAnKstsuUT5a7UQ$
>>>>>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-31/wa-heritage-destroyed-by-rio-tinto-example-of-national-trend/12305298__;!!Mih3wA!Q80d_k7DkHBzzs0yi4W5IfiSTlRupZ8XOxiOsNcARSHE8ZZrLW7G-oWoAnKstsuUT5a7UQ$>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         It is not as if we didn’t know that this would happen.
>>>>>>>>         Norway's pension fund divested their holdings in Rio
>>>>>>>>         Tinto in 2008: "Exclusion of a company from the Fund
>>>>>>>>         reflects our unwillingness to run an unacceptable risk
>>>>>>>>         of contributing to grossly unethical conduct. The
>>>>>>>>         Council on Ethics has concluded that Rio Tinto is
>>>>>>>>         directly involved, through its participation in the
>>>>>>>>         Grasberg mine in Indonesia, in the severe environmental
>>>>>>>>         damage caused by that mining operation."
>>>>>>>>            — Kristin Halvorsen, Norwegian Minister of Finance
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         A useful background briefing of indigenous rights in
>>>>>>>>         Australia:
>>>>>>>>         https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/features/in-the-shadow-of-terra-nullius/__;!!Mih3wA!Q80d_k7DkHBzzs0yi4W5IfiSTlRupZ8XOxiOsNcARSHE8ZZrLW7G-oWoAnKstssDCtcsSw$
>>>>>>>>         <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/features/in-the-shadow-of-terra-nullius/__;!!Mih3wA!Q80d_k7DkHBzzs0yi4W5IfiSTlRupZ8XOxiOsNcARSHE8ZZrLW7G-oWoAnKstssDCtcsSw$>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         On 13/9/20, 12:26 am, "xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu
>>>>>>>>         <mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu> on behalf of
>>>>>>>>         Martin Packer" <xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu
>>>>>>>>         <mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu> on behalf of
>>>>>>>>         mpacker@cantab.net <mailto:mpacker@cantab.net>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>            Andy, what on earth has Rio Tinto Zinc been up to??
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>            Martin
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         Important Notice: The contents of this email are
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>>>>>>>>         storage of the contents is expressly prohibited. If you
>>>>>>>>         have received this email in error, please delete it and
>>>>>>>>         any attachments immediately and advise the sender by
>>>>>>>>         return email or telephone.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>         Deakin University does not warrant that this email and
>>>>>>>>         any attachments are error or virus free.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>

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