[Xmca-l] Re: Michael C. Corballis and Displacement/Schouwstra and displaced reference

Mon Oct 29 14:29:03 PDT 2018

Aria,
Thank you for emphasizing the issue of displacement in the discussion of the evolution of language, which was, a main point of the little bit I found about Corballis. You might look at the artlce I link below, ‘Displaced reference in the evolution of language and cognition” by Marieke Schouwstra. I did not find a date, but it had to be 2007 or later, based on the bibliography. I like the term “displaced reference” better than “displacement", since it captures better that the displacement in time and space is being communicated, not done for real. In the artlcle, Schouwstra finds that neither bees nor any other species has be shown to be, in fact, capable of displaced reference. The article is short. If you or anyone has the time, I would be interested in comments about the content of the article. Schouwstra, in the final paragraph, says: "A remaining issue is, for example, the question of what conditions should be fulfilled for an animal to start using displaced reference in communication.” In other words, the suggestion of actual research. I wonder if it has been done. Apparently, Schouwstra does not count the the work with primates done up to 2007 as settling the issue: Washoe, Nim Chimsky, etc. Primates.

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/28975298.pdf <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/28975298.pdf>
Henry

> On Oct 29, 2018, at 9:13 AM, Aria Razfar <arazfar@uic.edu> wrote:
> 
> Henry,
>  
> Thanks for the reminder concerning displacement. Displacement is one of the great mysteries of language and linguistics. In the linguistic studies of animal communication and displacement, the language of bees performing the bee dance remains perplexing and one compelling exception to the comparison of animal and human communication. It is a point that has perplexed linguists since the 1950s, including Chomsky. Here’s an excerpt from Lawrence and Stockwell (2007) that captures the issue: 
>  
> "There is just one striking exception. A honeybee scout which has discovered a source of nectar returns to its hive and performs a dance, watched by other bees. This bee dance tells the watching bees what direction the nectar lies in, how far away it is, and how much nectar there is. And this is displacement: the dancing bee is passing on information about a site which it visited some time ago and which it now cannot see, and the watching bees respond by flying off to locate the nectar. Startling though it is, the bee dance is, so far at least, absolutely unique in the non-human world: no other creatures, not even apes, can communicate anything of the sort."  
>  
> Aria
>  
>  
>  
>  
>  
> From: xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu <mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu> <xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu <mailto:xmca-l-bounces@mailman.ucsd.edu>> On Behalf Of HENRY SHONERD
> Sent: Saturday, October 27, 2018 11:43 AM
> To: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity <xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu <mailto:xmca-l@mailman.ucsd.edu>>
> Subject: [Xmca-l] Re: Michael C. Corballis
>  
> Andy,
> Thanks for your interest in language, if not in linguistics. I recall chatting, arguing in fact, with you about the origin of language in terms of moldality: oral or gestural. I have a close friend whose research focus has been in signed language. It is his sense that language probably developed through gesture as sign. Two of Corballis’ conjectures are of interest: 1) that  oral language displaced gesture as the human form of communication and 2)  that language allows us to “displace" in our communication, travel in time. (It also allows displacement in space, and to reference imaginary worlds, another form of displacement.) Animals, other than humans, can communicate, but, as far as we know, cannot displace in their communication. But why did gesture not become the dominant form of human communication? All signed languages displace. It’s probably fruitless to argue about which modality came first in human language. Maybe more interesting and important to me is the extent to which gesture is important in human communication today. (Linguists categorize the gestural aspects of language as paralanguage.) And why with spoken and written language we so often fail to communicate adequately, with one another and even with ourselves. Perhaps it is because the immediacy in time and space of gesture is short-circuited by displacement? We get caught up in our heads thinking, displaced in time and space from the here and now. I have a Vipassana meditation practice: I sit and focus on the breath. It’s that simple. I thereby do my best to be present in the here and now, to not displace. This is not easy, as anyone who meditates knows. But the payoff is becoming clearer and clearer to me: being present: Not pushing away that which is unpleasant, not grasping for that which is pleasant, and not deluding myself that living in a fantasy of lalaland can make me happy or able to live ethically in the world. 
>  
> It is the curse of humans that we can displace, but also a (the?) key to our domination of the planet. A mixed bag, so to spea:. Powerful but alienated as hell. 
>  
> Henry
>  
>      
>> On Oct 26, 2018, at 5:52 PM, Andy Blunden <andyb@marxists.org <mailto:andyb@marxists.org>> wrote:
>>  
>> That's fine, Peter. On reflection I should have omitted mention of "linguistics" because it was not actually that linguistics I was interested in.
>> I was driving yesterday, and I heard a radio talk https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bigideas/where-did-language-come-from/10404342 <https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bigideas/where-did-language-come-from/10404342>
>> This is a topic which has long interested me. The speaker (which turned out to be Corballis) did a great job on Chomsky and several other theories that I was unaware of, I didn't get to hear his punch line, but he seemed really sound. So when I got home I did some internet searches and found that he did support my prejudice, that is, that tool-use and speech co-evolved in the origins of our species.
>> I had made this claim in my article "Tool and Sign in Vygotsky's Development" 
>> https://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/pdfs/Tool%20and%20Sign%20in%20Vygotskys%20Development.pdf <https://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/pdfs/Tool%20and%20Sign%20in%20Vygotskys%20Development.pdf>
>> but never had any basis for making the claim and this was always preying on my conscience, so I was interested to know if Corballis was some crank making unfounded guesses, like me, or he was the real goods. I read stuff about his neuroscience research showing the interconnection between handling ancient tools and handling words, but this is so far out of my field (insofar as I have one at all), I couldn't rationally assess the idea.
>> So! I am very pleased with the report you have given me. I have ordered his book "From Hand to Mouth – The Origins of Language" and look forward to its arrival in Australia, hopefully before Christmas!
>> Andy
>> Andy Blunden
>> http://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm <http://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm>
>> On 27/10/2018 3:18 AM, Peter Feigenbaum [Staff] wrote:
>>> Andy,
>>>  
>>> I'm familiar with his 1991 book entitled *The Lopsided Ape: Evolution of the Generative Mind*, 
>>> and I found his perspective on the evolutionary developments of brain, mind, and language to 
>>> be reasonable, coherent, and very compelling. When I read it (about 25 years ago), I was 
>>> particularly focused on the evolutionary connections between handedness, left hemispheric 
>>> dominance for language, and the evolution of the anatomical relations between the brain regions 
>>> that control the fine motor movements of the thumb and those of the tongue.
>>>  
>>> So when I saw your question, I pulled the book off the shelf and re-read the parts on the neural 
>>> foundations of language and mental representation - and found them to be chock full of good
>>> and useful ideas!  Alas, while I can attest that Corballis certainly has a sound working knowledge 
>>> of the biological and neural structures of language, as well as the basic psychological functions that are sub-served by these structures, this seminal book doesn't really speak to his work as a linguist.
>>>  
>>> In fact, the book lists him as affiliated with the Department of Psychology at the University of Aukland, and so I always assumed he was a psychologist. But if he is indeed a linguist, and if he has carried the quality and clarity of thought and understanding expressed in his older work on evolution of the human brain into his later life, I'd wager he's a pretty good linguist.
>>>  
>>> May I ask what prompted your question?
>>>  
>>> Cheers,
>>> Peter
>>>  
>>>      
>>>  
>>> On Fri, Oct 26, 2018 at 3:13 AM, Andy Blunden <andyb@marxists.org <mailto:andyb@marxists.org>> wrote:
>>>> Is anyone familiar with the work of Michael C. Corballis as a linguist? Is he any good?
>>>> andy
>>>>  
>>>> -- 
>>>> Andy Blunden
>>>> http://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/index.htm <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ethicalpolitics.org_ablunden_index.htm&d=DwMCaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=mXj3yhpYNklTxyN3KioIJ0ECmPHilpf4N2p9PBMATWs&m=6rABLbgQXNmFR3I1MRyXWnwkYlMV8UA9eNMBReMJ2G8&s=_MacMRb35H57uhad46QsFEcixR0ZeRymdVs7-klmN8U&e=>
>>> 
>>> 
>>>  
>>> -- 
>>> Peter Feigenbaum, Ph.D.
>>> Director, 
>>> Office of Institutional Research <https://www.fordham.edu/info/24303/institutional_research>
>>> Fordham University
>>> Thebaud Hall-202
>>> Bronx, NY 10458
>>>  
>>> Phone: (718) 817-2243
>>> Fax: (718) 817-3817
>>> email: pfeigenbaum@fordham.edu <mailto:pfeigenbaum@fordham.edu>
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