[Xmca-l] Re: Gendered Access in Crafting and Electronics Practices
Karen Wohlwend
kwohlwen@gmail.com
Mon Oct 27 18:52:24 PDT 2014
Interesting points! I think I phrased my response in a confusing way--I
should have said:
"Scollon's point is not that actions are strictly nonverbal but that
we *[as researchers should]* give more attention to the ways that actions
convey nonverbal
meanings and represent tacit understandings about how members are to
behave and interact within a culture."
Here, we aren't arguing that people pay more or less to action over
language, rather that actions are visible indicators that reveal tacitly
accepted practices and social relationships. Accordingly in our analysis,
we intentionally foreground actions as our primary focus and look for
analytic methods and tools that reduce the need to describe action through
language but that allow us to examine action through video (which of course
is still a distortion in the move from live action to video).
Karen
On Mon, Oct 27, 2014 at 8:33 PM, David Kellogg <dkellogg60@gmail.com> wrote:
> Dear Karen (if I may--people don't use salutations much on the list,
> but there is something unbearably memo-like about using a bare given
> name and a colon, and to my ear "Hi!" suggests face to face
> interaction, which I will argue below is qualitatively different from
> computer mediated and even telephonically mediated interaction):
>
> Yes, I must read more Scollon. But every time I sit down to do so, I
> end up going back to his 1976 Ph.D. work "Conversations with a One
> Year Old", which is really about the last moment in anybody's live
> when transactions can be said to be entirely non-verbal.
>
> You say:
>
> "Scollon's point is not that actions are strictly nonverbal but that
> we give more attention to the ways that actions convey nonverbal
> meanings and represent tacit understandings about how members are to
> behave and interact within a culture."
>
> Do you mean that we give more attention to the ways that actions
> convey nonverbal meanings and represent tacit understandings than to
> the ways that words convey non-verbal meanings? I thought about this
> for a moment, and I thought of instances where it was true (e.g. we
> pay more attention to actual automobile accidents that we witness than
> to passing mention of automobile accidents) but I also thought of
> instances where it was not true (e.g. we actually find out more about
> the nonverbal meanings of characters in Virginia Woolf's "To the
> Lighthouse" than in reading a comic strip). The main thing that
> occurred to me is that one of the most important ways in which actions
> convey meanings in handings is best described as 'semi-verbal"--facial
> expression, and above all tone of voice.
>
> Above all, I find myself disagreeing with the idea that language is
> "just one" of a set of practices that surround the essentially
> nonverbal nature of your data. You write:
>
> " We share understandings of which embodied actions are expected in a
> situation by other social actors within that
> cultural context. These interactions can play out in routines that
> often require little talk but produce automatic response--handing a
> cashier a credit card and receiving the card back with a product and
> receipt.The physical action of handing is situated activity in a
> cultural context--a context that includes the immediate language and
> materials as well as histories of prior conversations, practices,
> etc."
>
> I have several times had the experience of living in a country where I
> have to do this sort of thing without the benefit of language. I have
> then experienced the benefits of doing it with language, and then a
> kind of third stage, where I do it largely without the benefit of
> language. Why, then, when I now go shopping largely without the
> benefit of my hard-learned Korean do I feel so much closer to the
> second stage than to the first? It is, I think, because I feel that if
> something goes wrong (i.e. if there is automobile accident on the
> street outside the store as I am paying), I now have the option of
> switching to language, and that really does make all the difference in
> the world. As Vygotsky says, there are kinds of non-verbal thinking
> that only verbal thinking makes possible.
>
> Volosinov says somewhere that at the end of every century, and even
> more at the end of every millenium, and "d'avantage" at the end of
> every great civilization, as culture and society collapse and people
> seem to have nothing at all to cling to, intellectuals turn away from
> language and declare, in unison, that man is a beast. But when they do
> this, they use language to do it.
>
> David Kellogg
> Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
>
>
> On 28 October 2014 05:26, Karen Wohlwend <kwohlwen@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Hello David,
> > I'll respond to your question about the social practice of handing and
> your
> > point that of course spoken language is involved. We agree with you that
> > the role of speech is a matter of degree--or perhaps a matter of
> immediacy.
> > However, in the paper we've just given a brief description to offer quick
> > examples to readers so that we could suggest a few recognizable contexts
> > for interpreting handing practices.
> >
> > The introductory examples in the article (buying a cup of coffee, giving
> a
> > birthday gift) are drawn directly from Scollon's 2001 work (for a much
> more
> > thorough discussion, I highly recommend his wonderful analysis of the
> > discourses that are embedded in context and for his description of the
> > nexus at work in the development of his own expertise and insider status
> as
> > a customer in a Starbucks transaction, from *Mediated Discourse: The
> Nexus
> > of Practice*). Scollon's point is not that actions are strictly nonverbal
> > but that we give more attention to the ways that actions convey nonverbal
> > meanings and represent tacit understandings about how members are to
> behave
> > and interact within a culture. We share understandings of which embodied
> > actions are expected in a situation by other social actors within that
> > cultural context. These interactions can play out in routines that often
> > require little talk but produce automatic response--handing a cashier a
> > credit card and receiving the card back with a product and receipt.
> > The physical
> > action of handing is situated activity in a cultural context--a context
> > that includes the immediate language and materials as well as histories
> of
> > prior conversations, practices, etc.
> > Language is one means through which a physical mediated action is
> > categorized as a particular social practice and as a valued way of
> > participating within a particular nexus of practice, which includes not
> > only the practice of handing but a mesh of social practices that are also
> > expected within that context, including expectations for who should hand
> an
> > object and how others should respond.
> > Karen
> >
> > On Fri, Oct 24, 2014 at 3:24 AM, David Kellogg <dkellogg60@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> >> I have a bunch of rather silly questions, and then a comment about the
> >> interpretation of the data.
> >>
> >> p. 280: Why do we assume that nonverbal handing money to a cashier or
> >> handing a birthday present to a friend is an unspoken agreement? It is
> >> certainly true that the nonverbal component of the interaction may be
> >> abstracted away from it. But there are actually very few nonverbal
> >> handings, of either money or birthday presents, that would have the
> >> same meaning. Isn't it more useful to consider that speech can play
> >> varying degrees of importance in an interactioni (e.g. it can be
> >> "ancillary" where the commodity being exchanged is goods or services
> >> and it is essential when, as is normally the case in both handing
> >> money to a cashier and handing a birthday present to a friend,
> >> information is exchanged as well?
> >>
> >> p. 283: Puppets are unusual in that, unlike socks, they necessarily
> >> have symbolic meaning (that is, a sock puppet that is not a symbol for
> >> some imaginary character is a sock and not a puppet). Was there any
> >> character that went with the sock puppets? Was there any story that
> >> went with the character? If so, where did the story come from, and was
> >> there any jockeying for control over the story? Note the titillating
> >> potential of characters that "light up" when they touch! Did this
> >> create any visible titillation for embarrassment?
> >>
> >> p. 283: I can sort of follow why stitching, knotting, and threading
> >> might be gendered (a kind of washback from the world of work, I
> >> suppose). Why gluing?
> >>
> >> p. 289: Why does Amber refer to Antoine as "Nicholas"?
> >>
> >> p. 293: The first sentence of the section "Hands-On Materials as
> >> Gendered Access" refers to "two focal girls". Is this a mistake, or am
> >> I missing somebody?
> >>
> >> And my comment. It seems to me that a lot of studies (not this one in
> >> particular but many studies of this type in general) tend to view
> >> gendered access as a matter of gendered access to property or power or
> >> both. But this is very often an adult view; we adults are obsessed
> >> with power and property and we assume that it is only right that
> >> children are. Isn't it possible that to the children what is really
> >> gendered is access to aesthetic concepts versus access to technical
> >> expertise? Both orientations address the tension between form and
> >> material, but they address it from very different sides and are
> >> ultimately indispensible to each other (which is notoriously not the
> >> case with disputes over property and power). Note, however, that when
> >> the teacher says that it is decorating that is the fun part, the
> >> teacher is biasing the children towards the aesthetic and away from
> >> the technical!)
> >>
> >> David Kellogg
> >> Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
> >>
> >> On 24 October 2014 07:07, mike cole <mcole@ucsd.edu> wrote:
> >> > Aha! Thanks!
> >> >
> >> > So artificial literacies refers to the mediation of reading/writing
> by a
> >> > variety of artifacts! Ok, that I can make sense of. And thanks for the
> >> RRQ
> >> > ref on sedimented identities. This phrase is used in discussion of
> text
> >> > production. For those ignorant like myself, here is the summary
> provided
> >> by
> >> > the authors, which also makes the point of their text (and the present
> >> > one!) cleared:
> >> >
> >> > *THE COMMENTARY argues for an understanding of how texts are put
> together
> >> > that accounts for multimodality and draws on children’s ways of being
> and
> >> > doing in the home, their habitus. It focuses on identities as socially
> >> > situated. It argues that it is important to trace the process of
> >> > sedimenting identities during text production. This offers a way of
> >> viewing
> >> > text production that can inform research into children’s text making.
> >> > Particular attention is paid to the producer, contexts, and practices
> >> used
> >> > during text production and how the text becomes an artifact that holds
> >> > important information about the meaning maker. Four case studies
> describe
> >> > sedimented identities as a lens through which to see a more nuanced
> >> > perspective on meaning making. This work offers a lens for research
> and
> >> > practice in that it enables researchers to question and interrogate
> the
> >> way
> >> > texts come into being.*
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > mike
> >> >
> >> > On Thu, Oct 23, 2014 at 10:35 AM, Karen Wohlwend <kwohlwen@gmail.com>
> >> wrote:
> >> >
> >> >> Certainly-- Rowsell and Pahl take an ethnographic approach to track
> the
> >> >> practices and user identities involved in the production and previous
> >> uses
> >> >> of an artifact.
> >> >>
> >> >> Rowsell, J., & Pahl, K. (2007). Sedimented identities in texts:
> >> Instances
> >> >> of practice. Reading Research Quarterly, 42(3), 388-404.
> >> >>
> >> >> Pahl, K., & Rowsell, J. (2010). Artifactual literacies: Every object
> >> tells
> >> >> a story. New York: Teachers College Press.
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >> On Thu, Oct 23, 2014 at 12:56 PM, mike cole <mcole@ucsd.edu> wrote:
> >> >>
> >> >> > Karen--- I am familiar of course with the notion of artifacts, but
> I
> >> am
> >> >> not
> >> >> > familiar with
> >> >> > Rowsell and Pahl's sedimented identities and artifactual
> literacies.
> >> >> Could
> >> >> > you provide a link or a reference? The phrase has me wondering
> what a
> >> >> > non-artifactual literacy would be.
> >> >> > mike
> >> >> >
> >> >> > On Wed, Oct 22, 2014 at 7:03 PM, Karen Wohlwend <
> kwohlwen@gmail.com>
> >> >> > wrote:
> >> >> >
> >> >> > > Andy, thanks for these generative questions and comments! I'll
> >> defer to
> >> >> > my
> >> >> > > co-authors to situate the focal case in the larger study but I'll
> >> >> address
> >> >> > > how we are considering relationships among gender, practices, and
> >> >> tools.
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > We're conceptualizing tools as anchoring artifacts, that
> concretize
> >> and
> >> >> > > suggest particular uses and users accrued from cultural
> histories
> >> of
> >> >> > > access and use (following Holland and Cole's cultural artifacts,
> and
> >> >> more
> >> >> > > recently, Rowsell and Pahl's sedimented identities and
> artifactual
> >> >> > > literacies). Tools index shared histories of use, values, and
> >> >> > expectations
> >> >> > > for who *should *be a user and for how practices *should *be
> >> conducted,
> >> >> > > practices which following Paechter are situated in communities of
> >> >> > gendered
> >> >> > > practice that are multiple, local, and embodied.
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > However, we would not say that a tool is gendered in any fixed or
> >> >> > > deterministic way. In any given moment of activity, tools signal
> >> >> multiple
> >> >> > > histories in many nexus of practice (following Ron Scollon, the
> >> tacit
> >> >> > > shared practices that members of a community expect of one
> another)
> >> >> that
> >> >> > > lead up to, enter in, and flow from that moment, in
> contradictory,
> >> >> > > confounding, and complementary ways, hence the ambiguity you've
> >> >> > mentioned.
> >> >> > > How/whether social actors make use of particular histories in a
> >> >> specific
> >> >> > > context realizes foregrounds some histories while backgrounding
> >> >> others--
> >> >> > in
> >> >> > > ways that can reproduce, contest, or blur prevailing expectations
> >> for
> >> >> > > participation. In our analysis, we looked closely at the mediated
> >> >> actions
> >> >> > > in the handling of tools in the one nexus to understand in a very
> >> >> > concrete
> >> >> > > way how girls were able to gain and maintain control over
> >> >> > > projects--contrary to histories and expectations for high levels
> of
> >> >> tool
> >> >> > > handling, participation, and trajectories of expertise for boys
> in
> >> >> > > electronics activity.
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > Looking closely at the mediated action in this transformative
> moment
> >> >> > > reveals how changing the electronics tools from wires to needle
> and
> >> >> > thread
> >> >> > > changes the nexus, activating a powerful perception/expectation
> for
> >> >> girls
> >> >> > > as appropriate tool users by signalling histories of sewing
> >> practices
> >> >> and
> >> >> > > feminine communities of practice.
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > In regard to other situations, looking closely at mediated
> actions,
> >> >> > > material artifacts, and tacit expectations for participation in
> the
> >> >> > > relevant nexus of practice will likely also reveal how materials
> >> relate
> >> >> > to
> >> >> > > stereotypical expectations, pointing to places ripe for rupture
> >> where
> >> >> > > changing something small in the local activity (e.g., an action,
> a
> >> >> tool,
> >> >> > a
> >> >> > > material) in dominant nexus of practice can signal a different
> kind
> >> of
> >> >> > user
> >> >> > > and potentially disrupt persistent and naturalized stereotypes.
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > Looking forward to continuing the conversation,
> >> >> > > Karen
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > On Wed, Oct 22, 2014 at 7:08 AM, Andy Blunden <ablunden@mira.net
> >
> >> >> wrote:
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > > Kylie & co.,
> >> >> > > > A fascinating study around a truly ingenious approach to the
> >> gendered
> >> >> > > > division of labour - giving school kids E-textiles to
> construct an
> >> >> > > > electronic device - total mixing up and confounding the gender
> >> >> > > stereotypes
> >> >> > > > about sewing and electronics, etc.
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > Some of the results were quite startling. That the young boy
> >> should
> >> >> not
> >> >> > > > just abstain and demonstratively not pay attention, but pay
> active
> >> >> and
> >> >> > > > supportive attention to the girl making the circuit with her
> >> >> > > > needle-and-thread - an admired female-typical stance one would
> >> have
> >> >> > > thought
> >> >> > > > a young male incapable of adopting with a female workmate. And
> >> that
> >> >> the
> >> >> > > > gender-inscription of the sewing tools over-rode the greater
> >> >> experience
> >> >> > > > that in this case the young boy had in using them, with the boy
> >> >> > deferring
> >> >> > > > to the less experienced girl in recognition of the
> >> >> > gender-appropriateness
> >> >> > > > of her "taking charge" with the needle-and-thread. This does
> cause
> >> >> one
> >> >> > to
> >> >> > > > think a little deeper into how we might conceptualise such
> >> gendered
> >> >> > > > behaviours.
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > As you would know, MCA has a strong preference for qualitative
> >> >> > research,
> >> >> > > > and studies with small sample sizes are not generally a
> problem,
> >> but
> >> >> so
> >> >> > > > much seemed to hinge on the study of just *one* boy-girl team,
> >> that I
> >> >> > am
> >> >> > > > concerned about the capacity to generalise from such a base.
> There
> >> >> were
> >> >> > > > about 80 youth in the activity as a whole, so I can only hope
> and
> >> >> > presume
> >> >> > > > that observation of the other 78 kids in some way guided the
> work
> >> >> > focused
> >> >> > > > on just 2.
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > I must say, the analysis of the video data is very
> sophisticated
> >> and
> >> >> > > > productive and you are to be congratulated on this aspect of
> the
> >> >> work.
> >> >> > I
> >> >> > > > see that you approach the gendering of the activities through
> the
> >> >> idea
> >> >> > of
> >> >> > > > the various *tools* being gendered, rather than the *practices*
> >> >> > > themselves.
> >> >> > > > This is something that was really necessary for you to be able
> to
> >> >> make
> >> >> > > > these observations, because the gendering of the activities is
> >> >> > ambiguous,
> >> >> > > > but not it seems the gendering of the tools. Is this a result
> of
> >> the
> >> >> > > study,
> >> >> > > > or is it something you already knew or did you arrive at this
> by
> >> >> logic?
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > Do you see any other opportunities for confounding gender
> >> stereotypes
> >> >> > in
> >> >> > > > this way?
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > And finally, does the experience of working in ambiguous, even
> >> >> inverted
> >> >> > > > gender-stereotyped activities like these have any outcome which
> >> >> carries
> >> >> > > > over into a world where the gender division of labour lacks
> >> >> ambiguity?
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > Andy
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> >
> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> >> >> > > > *Andy Blunden*
> >> >> > > > http://home.pacific.net.au/~andy/
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > > Kylie Peppler wrote:
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > > >> Thanks Andy! We're excited to discuss with the community and
> >> would
> >> >> > > >> welcome any comments/questions on this emerging line of
> research!
> >> >> > > >> Kylie
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> ---
> >> >> > > >> Kylie A. Peppler
> >> >> > > >> Assistant Professor of Learning Sciences
> >> >> > > >> Indiana University | School of Education
> >> >> > > >> 1900 E 10th Street | Eigenmann 528 | Bloomington | IN | 47406
> |
> >> >> > > >> 812.856.8381
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> On Tue, Oct 21, 2014 at 10:52 PM, Andy Blunden <
> >> ablunden@mira.net
> >> >> > > >> <mailto:ablunden@mira.net>> wrote:
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> Here's the article for discussion Artin is introducing:
> >> >> > > >> *Hands On, Hands Off: Gendered Access in Crafting and
> >> >> Electronics
> >> >> > > >> Practices*
> >> >> > > >> Beth Buchholz, Kate Shively, Kylie Peppler, and Karen
> >> Wohlwend.
> >> >> > > >> Indiana University.
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> The Maker movement promotes hands-on making, including
> >> >> crafts,
> >> >> > > >> robotics, and computing. The movement’s potential to
> >> >> transform
> >> >> > > >> education rests in our ability to address notable
> gender
> >> >> > > >> disparities, particularly in science, technology,
> >> >> engineering,
> >> >> > > and
> >> >> > > >> mathematics fields. E-textiles - the first
> >> female-dominated
> >> >> > > >> computing community - provide inspiration for
> overcoming
> >> >> > > >> long-standing cultural divides in classrooms. Analysis
> of
> >> >> > > >> children’s
> >> >> > > >> use of e-textiles reveals that materials like needles,
> >> >> fabric,
> >> >> > > and
> >> >> > > >> conductive thread rupture traditional gender scripts
> >> around
> >> >> > > >> electronics and implicitly gives girls hands-on access
> and
> >> >> > > >> leadership roles. This reconceptualization of cultural
> >> >> divides
> >> >> > as
> >> >> > > >> sets of tacitly accepted practices rooted in gendered
> >> >> histories
> >> >> > > has
> >> >> > > >> implications for reconceptualizing traditionally
> >> >> male-dominated
> >> >> > > >> areas of schooling.
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> Andy
> >> >> > > >> (attached)
> >> >> > > >>
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> >> >> > > >> ------------
> >> >> > > >> *Andy Blunden*
> >> >> > > >> http://home.pacific.net.au/~andy/
> >> >> > > >> <http://home.pacific.net.au/%7Eandy/>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> Goncu, Artin wrote:
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> Dear All,
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> We are writing to let you know that the most recent
> >> issue of
> >> >> > > >> MCA is out.
> >> >> > > >> One of the articles published in this issue and being
> >> >> > > >> introduced here for
> >> >> > > >> discussion in referenced below. The authors of the
> >> article
> >> >> > > >> have kindly
> >> >> > > >> agreed to lead the discussion, and they are on xmca
> with
> >> us
> >> >> > > >> now. The free
> >> >> > > >> access to the article is possible through the links
> >> below.
> >> >> We
> >> >> > > >> are looking
> >> >> > > >> forward to hearing from you all. Best, ag
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> Hands On, Hands Off: Gendered Access in Crafting
> >> >> > > >> and Electronics Practices
> >> >> > > >> Beth Buchholz, Kate Shively, Kylie Peppler, and Karen
> >> >> Wohlwend
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10749039.2014.939762
> >> >> > > >> <
> http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10749039.2014.939762
> >> >
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10749039.2014
> >> .
> >> >> > > >> 939762#.VEZ25Ra_4wI
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >> Artin Goncu, Ph.D
> >> >> > > >> Co-editor, Mind, Culture, and Activity:An
> International
> >> >> > Journal
> >> >> > > >> Professor Emeritus,
> >> >> > > >> University of Illinois at Chicago
> >> >> > > >> College of Education M/C 147
> >> >> > > >> 1040 W. Harrison St.
> >> >> > > >> Chicago, IL 60607
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >>
> >> >> > > >
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > >
> >> >> > > --
> >> >> > > Karen Wohlwend, Associate Professor
> >> >> > > Literacy, Culture, & Language Education
> >> >> > > Indiana University
> >> >> > > 201 N. Rose Avenue
> >> >> > > Bloomington, IN 47405
> >> >> > > Office: 812-856-8275
> >> >> > > Fax: 812-856-8287
> >> >> > > kwohlwen@indiana.edu
> >> >> > >
> >> >> >
> >> >> >
> >> >> >
> >> >> > --
> >> >> > It is the dilemma of psychology to deal with a natural science
> with an
> >> >> > object that creates history. Ernst Boesch.
> >> >> >
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >> --
> >> >> Karen Wohlwend, Associate Professor
> >> >> Literacy, Culture, & Language Education
> >> >> Indiana University
> >> >> 201 N. Rose Avenue
> >> >> Bloomington, IN 47405
> >> >> Office: 812-856-8275
> >> >> Fax: 812-856-8287
> >> >> kwohlwen@indiana.edu
> >> >>
> >> >
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > --
> >> > It is the dilemma of psychology to deal with a natural science with an
> >> > object that creates history. Ernst Boesch.
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
> > --
> > Karen Wohlwend, Associate Professor
> > Literacy, Culture, & Language Education
> > Indiana University
> > 201 N. Rose Avenue
> > Bloomington, IN 47405
> > Office: 812-856-8275
> > Fax: 812-856-8287
> > kwohlwen@indiana.edu
>
>
--
Karen Wohlwend, Associate Professor
Literacy, Culture, & Language Education
Indiana University
201 N. Rose Avenue
Bloomington, IN 47405
Office: 812-856-8275
Fax: 812-856-8287
kwohlwen@indiana.edu
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