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Re: [xmca] a minus X aplus BINARIES Kindergarten response:



Hopefully, I will not continue too long in reply to your most considerate and informative note - below.

Following the lead of Jenna McWilliams:
(Date: 2009.May.11  06:13:34 Asia/Tokyo
To: "eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity" <xmca@weber.ucsd.edu>
Subject: Re: [xmca] functions of testing) who pleaded "be gentle with me" I would like to put a few words about myself. MA Classics, MA English Literature, PhD. Comp. Lit - Medieval Literature. King Arthur. Teaching English in Japan basically since 1980 under the name "Communication". Faculty of Informatics. I teach technologists. More importantly, primary framings from counter-culture, Whole Earth Catalogue, Gregory Bateson. Most importantly, personal disaster at age 21 for which my education and background prepared me not one bit. At that time I took William Blake's line "I must create my system or be enslaved by another man's" as a manifesto (or something like that). seat of the pants, rules of thumb, boot-strap theories.
But mostly, most emphatically, experiential learning.

On 2009.May.11, at 04:17  AM, you wrote:
Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition. So, to some extent, answers to your questions can be found in that rather extensive context. That the journal for which xmca is named deals with the nexus of mind, culture, and activity (every one an always contested term, never mind their intersection!), is thus a reasonable place to look to try to figure out what we do and do not
discuss. An issue of the journal with the article putatively under
discussion at present (and not irrelevant to some of your questions and
remarks) is available free at Taylor and Francis with a handy button on the xmca web
page.
The problem here is that I did vote but didn't find out the selection until the discussion was well advanced (that takes about a day) and just now when I clicked the button you mentioned, I did not get the Friesen article. This is my problem with technology. I have to find the citations, do the homework, and then participate. But, as you did here, replying to meaningful text in a discussion is quicker IF I am a member (having paid dues... - and that is a cultural reference)

You followed with a clip:
*The Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition* was established at UCSD in
1978. As its name implies, members of LCHC pursue research which takes
differences among human beings as a starting point for understanding human mental processes. We adopt an ecological approach to our subject matter, looking at systems that include mediating tools, people, representations,
institutions and activities.  Populations varying in age, culture,
biological characteristics, social class, schooling, ethnicity, etc. are studied in a wide range of activity settings in various social institutions (schools, hospitals, workplaces) and countries. Correspondingly, we use a
wide range of methods (such as participant observation, ethnography,
experimentation, discourse-analysis) to bring into clear relief the role of culturally inflected collective social practices, change over time, and the
cultural-historical context of the people among whom we work in the
phenomena we study.
From the terms used above I would have hazarded a guess that VERY MANY persons from a number of cross-dressing disciplines, like social-psychology or cognitive science and psycho-linguistics dwell free here. As I was recently doing research about "know how", then tacit knowing, I wanted to ask you if Lev Vygotsky had been informed at all by the Gestalt Psychology school in Germany. I ran into internalizing with both Vygotsky and Polanyi.

So it became clear to me that Vygotsky, CHAT, ZPD, and centering discussion on an agreed article was the basic core of this group. I stuck with you (basically since November) because the person who told me about you said that what I was doing in my "interventions" reminded him of distributed cognition and other ideas that you discuss here. I found out that Yrjo Engestrom was with you for some time. When I was doing research for a paper about Double Bind, Yrjo Engestrom, who bridged Bateson and Vygotsky for me, said that the springs for the next step in the Zone of Proximate Development were in those very double binds. So, here was a group working with Vygotsky, new to me. Mentioning Goffman and Dewey like old friends.

            In keeping with the ethos of our orientation, we create
interventions (sometimes referred to as “design experiments”) both as a
means of initiating changes thought to be beneficial in the settings where
we do our research and as a means of assessing the generalizability of
findings from more restricted laboratory settings.  We find comparisons
across the different realms in which we conduct research and the continual confrontation of theory with practice to be powerful sources of insight and
theoretical development.
            International collaboration in research is fundamental to
understanding human cognition. Hence, in addition to using computers and computer networking as a research tool, we use these same means to promote discussion and collaboration among geographically distant people. We invite anyone interested in our efforts to contact us through any of the people
whose information is contained in these pages.
I have been looking FOR YEARS (is this Morpheus from Matrix) for someone like you. Then you said in one of your recent notes:
Subject: Re: [xmca] Friesen Article
... So what happens? We get hailed as this neat interdisciplinary department.
And what does that mean? Incommensurate data, no way to say that someone
said something actually wrong, not just some other
discipline's way of looking at things. What things?...

Incommensurate data!!! Tell me about it. Models, numbers, questionnaires, profiles of participants, duration, repetition, recruitment strategies, the stories we tell, group dynamics... Here is the point: Since I came to Japan, based on some early experiences about real connection, I have been trying to meet students outside of class - extracurricular activities. Organizing plays, events. The ones who organize get an organizational experience and a great team. They do not come back to enrich the culture and pass on what they know to the younger ones. This is what I have been doing. It isn't enough for me to stand by waiting for the moment for the leap in the ZPD or even to push out of the Comfort Zone. I see peers, the ones just a bit ahead, or a year ahead, having a very good chance at encouraging their juniors to take a next step. So we do these events twice a year, almost entirely out of class, hundreds of people involved, ignored out of existence by my colleagues and I do not know how to report my findings in articles, especially since the thing morphs, especially when the managers (sophomores) "get the idea" and then take off without me... How do I report a large event in research. Look at my background. I was not trained for what I am doing, yet there simply is no one else who is doing it. At least not here. And there are all these engineering students who are designing the technical infrastructure of energy, materials, machines, and they are not getting any exposure to teamwork, team-building, conflict resolution, personality differences, recursive learning of large patterns.

So, with great thanks for the time you took to talk to many of my questions, I am going to jump to this interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary subject we've been discussing since David H Krishner, David Kellogg and you -

I have done a lot of my reading from leads provided by Bateson:
The following long quote from Wiener's Cybernetics has a glimpse of a way we could be, and perhaps are. He said in his Introduction (2): There are fields of scientific work ... which have been explored from the different sides of pure mathematics, statistics, electrical engineering, and neurophysiology: in which every single notion receives a separate name from each group, and in which important work has been triplicated or quadruplicated, while still other important work is delayed by the unavailability in one field of results that may have already become classical in the next field.
(sound familliar)

(skip five lines or so)
If a physiologist who knows no mathematics works together with a mathematician who knows no physiology, the one will be unable to state his problem in terms that the other can manipulate, and the second will be unable to put the answers in any form that the first can understand. Dr. Rosenblueth has always insisted that a proper exploration of these blank spaces on the map of science could only be made by a team of scientists, each a specialist <<from me: this is crucial>> in his own field but each possessing a thoroughly sound and trained acquaintance with the fields of his neighbors; all in the habit of working together, of knowing one another's intellectual customs, and of recognizing the significance of a colleague's new suggestions before it has taken on a full formal expression. The mathematician need not have the skill to conduct a physiological experiment <<read social psychologist or communication scholar and intervention>>, but he must have the skill to understand one, to criticize one, and to suggest one.

The recent discussions here have been most interesting and thought provoking. I had tried to do my activities largely in connection with classes, but curriculum changes, requirement changes, schedule changes, CREDIT changes, have made it essential that I position the large part of my work outside of the curriculum altogether, and only make a report of the activity a required part of certain communication classes. I was describing myself as Swamp Castle: Building a castle on last year's fiasco, but recently, there are some changes in the student culture and perhaps in the faculty counsels as well, don't know - this is all celestial navigation, since I am SO not Japanese... It sounds as though, if I do the reading, a cite my references, this (this group mediated by you) may be the best shot at a group who knows what we're up against...

Oh, yes - the point about the Wiener quote is that we really do have to have thoroughly specialized, and gotten ourselves grounded, in a discipline. Then using the ability to see larger patterns, communities and so on, widen our view to the tangential studies, the proximate studies, AND focussing on some particular task (such as reading the article we've chosen or a project (intervention?)) go somewhere together, pitching in our bit from our discipline and listening to the analogic tales of the others. Learning communities are self organizing and self-regulating. Not all our mails will be noted, some will, some threads will last, some will go on for a while sporadically (that is what I've been seeing) while in the meantime, I am developing a sense of a community of some of the best informed minds, courteous, tolerant, adventurous and multi-disciplinary that I have run across. I very much appreciate the existence of this group, Mike, and your frank and telling recounts of your own experiences.

Thank you so much for your detailed reply to my poorly prepared discussion, but I am glad that I spoke up about what I was seeing going on.

oh, yes. One last point. It's from Miyamoto Musashi, the ancient swordsman of Japan who fought with two swords. He said, you have to cultivate TWO VIEWS. "One - to see the near as though it were distant and the distant as though it were near. Work on this." Maybe something like developing the participant/observer switch/description... or the local/universal toggle switch.
thank you again.
Valerie



Now to answer those of your questions about which I might have something
reasonable to contribute. You and others will judge, of course.

On Sun, May 10, 2009 at 2:42 AM, Valerie Wilkinson <vwilk@inf.shizuoka.ac.jp
wrote:

Referring to some of the threads:
"Why don't people talk about wisdom anymore?" is definitely a rhetorical question that makes the tacit assumption that they/we don't. But wisdom,
like love, is abstract until informed by examples.


I had exactly the same thought when I read this comment about its being a
misleading rhetorical question. People do study wisdon. The late Paul
Baltes, who was in his way a cultural historical psychologist, spent many
years writing on the topic, and Robert Sternberg who writes on almost
every topic in psychology on can think of has written not only on wisdom but
love (whether wisely or not in either case is beyond my purview at the
moment). So they do and some of they may be us.


Could you offer some examples of wisdom and love that you think we might
profit from engaging with?



I could ask the question, "Why do we shun the Platonic ideal?" I fear it wouldn't kick off much of a conversation. But is the idea of "organic"
learning any more informative?  It is strictly environmental, but the
environment may include religious education and symbolic organizational practices which support the dominant paradigm or the people who make the
rules or the people who watch out for everyone's safety.


A lot of questions/issues packed in here. Was the question about Platonism rhetorical? If not, then perhaps a way to ground a discussion would be in Norm Friessen's article on discursive psychology that we are supposed to be, but appear not to be, discussing. Seems like his characterization of the
bad guy old fashiong hijackers of the cognitive revolution were
platonists.... cartesians for sure...

I either do not understand what you mean by "organic learning." Were you
quoting a prior message (I have been very locally pre-occupied and as a
result have missed a bunch of xmca notes recently.... still in my in box)? The position ordinarily defended in this group is derived from Vygotsky (and Dewey, and others') explicity rejection of the of environment as external
conditions. See passim notes and discussions here on xmca which you can
google at the lchc home page. And yes, the environment for sure includes
religious education and a huge variety of symbolically mediated
organizational practices ( you might have something more/different in mind
in your reference to "symbolic organizational practices" but I have
difficulty in thinking about human practices that are devoid of
symbolicness).


David Kellogg said: "Here are some countervailing facts to consider, before we leap to conclusions about the malign effects of Confucianism (which, like most truly ancient cultural traditions, has an irrepressibly creative and humanist core) on dysfunctional American education." YES! and well, uh - it works if you can play the game - and there is always a dialectic going with
Taoism somewhere.

It is so hard to get outside of a system you are in. And if you are in
international academia, you are committed to a system in some guise that employs you or publishes your papers or creates the forum where you may share your ideas. To get talking points in that system you have to be able to talk to the talk. To talk the talk, it is best, but not requisite, to
have grown up in the system.

Much of what we are talking about has been talked over in various fora - from IQ and differentiated intelligence to language and manners and then the whole cultural marginalizing process that forces some to accept a role which "native intelligence" could easily overcome - since experiential learning toward mastery is ascendant - except for the weights and burdens of various kinds laden upon the underprivileged by various social mechanisms, some of which are designed to do just that, weigh them down, keep them oppressed.

If "we" locate and export the gifted (alpha) to another level and focus the lowered tiered learning towards acceptance, satisfaction with a guarantee of
"enough" - many gifted people (of the other intelligences besides
articulated declarative knowledge) will spend the rest of their lives
struggling to make ends meet, to pay their mortgages, take care of their
kids ---


I take this to be an explicit reference to xmca thread started by David, know little about Confucianism or Taoism, so will read and try to learn from those who do know the issues well enough to both explicate them and relate
them to American (and, I assume, not only American) formal education.



Interestingly, Bucky Fuller described the purpose of the elaborate written testing system, the complex poetry and memorization of classical texts to "manage" the more gifted in Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth. Since the "pirate captains" vanished (but did they?) there isn't any proof of his wonderfully provocative claims, but I'm pretty sure that the demand for "specialization" is one of the great causes of failure to communicate from
group to group. It's crippling to have jargon barriers.


We have never discussed Fuller here, but as a triangle guy, I am quite
sympathetic. The issue of specialization is a problem ok, maybe a conundrum that generates contradictions or vice versa. I sure like having an expert electrician around at times, jargon or no. The specializations that include numeracy and literacy have a lot of faux features to them and always have. Not at all sure how to deal with that. Maybe we should declare Dewey' idea
of inquiry as an ideal (of the non--platonic variety!).



This note may seem to have gotten off the track of learning in kindergarten and the whole thing - but I believe that radical return to experiential learning from breast to bicycle to doing stuff with your friends will ground much learning experience. Of course we have to keep up with the books and specialize - but we have to do the other as well or more, or more in the beginning and always some - because experiential learning is integrative and
inclusive.


Nicely put but raises isssues of its own. I think I know what you mean by
experiential learning and by inference its opposite (we are in the
kindergarten
discussion I touched off by sending around that article, I can see that
clearly enough now, although I missed a lot of intermediate steps).


(was this a rant?)


I doubt it. Rants don't ordinarily happen on xmca and when they do some
people get real mad and leave, diminishing the diversity, and, even,
perhaps, the wisdom (collective intelligence?) of this discourse community. Seems like it was a lengthy answer to a lot of diverse ideas and materials
around
a core set of important themes that need a lot more explication --
preferably proffered wtih wisdom and love.

Personally speaking, thanks.
mike





Valerie Wilkinson

On 2009.May.7, at 12:41  AM, Jay Lemke wrote:

I think that we mostly agree, Eugene, given different emphasis because of
our different backgrounds.

I did think it was interesting that you noted that in totalitarian
discourses the leakage across a binary division can be made to undermine basic moral principles. I suppose that there are times when one needs a way to undermine other people's, and maybe also one's own, moral certainties.
But clearly doing so can also be very destructive, depending on the
circumstances and the consequences.

So we have to tack between stronger binaries and weaker ones, and that takes a measure of wisdom. Why don't people talk about wisdom any > more?

As to the defense of science, of course it depends on what we want to mean by science or scientific. If it is just systematically gathered empirical information, then I think we always have to take it into account, but not necessarily be ruled by it. Realities exist, but they can also change and be changed. If it means some particular way of doing research, then I am less favorable, and more Feyerabendian. If it means honestly trying to examine
alternative interpretations and proposals, then count me in! If it is
defending a particular current scientific theory, say neo-Darwinian
evolutionary theory, then I have to look carefully at a wide range of
circumstances to make my choice.

"Complex process of mutually informing" sounds just right to me!

JAY.


Jay Lemke
Professor
Educational Studies
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
www.umich.edu/~jaylemke <http://www.umich.edu/%7Ejaylemke>




On May 4, 2009, at 2:50 AM, Eugene Matusov wrote:

 Dear Jay and everybody--

Thanks, Jay, for most helpful reply. Let me offer two comments:

1) Although I agree with you that contextualists are against any
unversalism
either pro- or against binary, we should be aware that Western
contextualists have much stronger anti-binary bias than pro-binary. This
is
justified by the Western experience where up to recently scientism and positivism have been very strong. However, this has not been true for
historical experiences of other people -- those who have experienced
communist totalitarianism and religious fundamentalism. The recent
historic
experience in the USA with the Bush administration challenges the idea
that
the West is immune to totalitarianism and fundamentalism. Both
totalitarianism and fundamentalism are against scientism and positivistic
binary and against science enterprise per se (e.g., just remember
Lysenko),
but, for course, not completely any more. Although, totalitarianism and fundamentalism apply their own ideological binaries, they like to use leakages of meaning to confuse the reality. I'd even dare to say that
their
leakages aiming at destroying any moral compasses in people might be more dangerous than their oppressive binaries. I just want to remind that it
were
scientific binaries that fought successfully religious fundamentalism in
past.

I respectfully but strongly disagree with the President Obama who wants
to
put the past of the Bush administration behind us. Those who do not learn history will force to repeat it. And I think we should take the recent
past
8-year historic experience seriously.

2) We should integrate defense with critique of modern science. The
comfortable assumption that in modern Western societies defense of
science
is not needed has been proven wrong. I like Jay's point,

On
our side, I think we have a measure of confidence that, left to its
own devices, science's findings will at least not contradict our
values and political prescriptions (or maybe we'd even reconsider our
positions if they did).


It sounds like instead of the positive method ensuring the truth, Jay proposes a certain political and discourse regime of freedom that ensures that science practice would be healthy. Although, I think that science should not just be compatible with our values and political prescriptions
but also inform them through a complex process of mutual informing.

What do you think?

Eugene

 -----Original Message-----
From: xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu]
On Behalf Of Jay Lemke
Sent: Sunday, May 03, 2009 11:38 AM
To: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity
Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus AND BINARIES


Really, I am the last person to state, too seriously, unconditional
propositions, whether pro-binary or anti-binary! I am all for
complexity and the need for Both/And vs. Either/Or logics. (There is a
lot of very interesting discussion of the Both/And approach in  the
work of Anthony Wilden, who sought a synthesis of Bateson and Lacan.)

I did write, re synthesizing approaches to the integers, and
synthesizing into coherent master narratives generally, that they can
do good for us and also can mislead us.

I don't really identify binary logic with scientism, because binarism
is far more widespread. Of course there is a lot of breath expended
over one binary, True/False, but I believe that the focus on this one evaluative dimensions, and depriving it of the key feature of having
degrees (say, of freshness), common to all evaluations in English
semantics, is quite ideological and intellectually counter-productive.
It's also really quite abstract because it implies that all
propositions that are called True are true in the same sense, which I do not believe. Many different classes of proposition are demonstrated to be true or not by very different procedures, and so, concretely, I take them to be true in different senses. This is turn means one has
to be rather cautious about metaphors comparing different sorts of
truths, as for example freshness vs honesty or whatever Bulgakov was
on about. (I have not read the novel, and maybe I will now.)

So I liked Mike's strong version of what is not so much, I think, anti-
binarism as anti- Black-or-White-ism, meaning not only that we are
presented with only two mutually exclusive choices,  but that
everything on one side is reduced to an equivalence class,
homogenized, stereotyped, and so also on the other. Which gives rise
to such very unhappy binaries as White vs Black, or non-White
(racially), or Gay vs Straight, or American vs un-American, or Us vs Them. Less abstraction and more attention to local, specific, concrete realities (life, in Mike's terms) restores the messiness, requiring at
least a fuzzy logic (i.e. the technical one, not merely sloppy
classical logic), with degrees of membership in classes, and more
desirably, explicit clustering of diverse elements on both sides.
Which in turn tends to subvert the radical mutual exclusivity of the two sides (Mike's leakage), because now we begin to see that some of the concrete elements on one side actually do have important (values!)
qualities in common with some of the elements that have been put on
the other side. From the inevitability of binarist war, we find some
potential grounds for a modus vivendi.

I saw online the other day Obama speaking to the National Academy of
Sciences. He got the biggest round of applause, not for his
announcement of lots of new funding for research, but for a statement
that in his administration the practice of subjugating science to
ideology would end. While there was not a lot of media attention to
this issue during the Bush presidency, it was widely known in the
scientific community, and in the education research community, that
there was an unprecedented amount of serious political interference in the conduct of research based on right-wing political ideology. While I am against Science making quasi-religious claims to universal Truth, as much because it is bad in the long run for the goals of science as
because it is intellectually distasteful to me, I do agree, Eugene,
that sometimes we do also need to support, conditionally and on a case
by case basis, some of the normative canons of scientific
investigation, even when those include what I might call "provisional
binaries". Sometimes it is just heuristically useful to investigate
something as if there were an absolute binary involved. It occasions a
risk to the research that it will miss something else important by
doing so. And the culture of science believes that sooner or later, if
there is a problem with the binarist assumption, someone else will
point it out and we can come back and re-do things as needed.

We also have a serious practical political issue here. Scientism, or just the credibility of scientifically-derived statements of "fact",
can be a wonderful weapon to use against ideologies we passionately
disagree with. It is nice to have it in reserve, just in case our
moral-political arguments are not enough, or the balance of material and media power is against us. The reason that the Bush conservatives were interfering in scientific research was as much to try and insure
that no such weapons fell into their opponents' hands as to try and
generate "facts" that fit with their own ideological prejudgments. On
our side, I think we have a measure of confidence that, left to its
own devices, science's findings will at least not contradict our
values and political prescriptions (or maybe we'd even reconsider our positions if they did). Personally, I think most scientific findings or conclusions are already so larded with interpretations that there is always a lot of leeway between anything I'd call a "fact" (say, a reading on a measuring instrument) and anything that can be construed
as bearing very directly on a political or moral issue. So I am not
too worried about the inevitability of a certain "realpolitik" when it
comes to the credibility of Science.

JAY.

Jay Lemke
Professor
Educational Studies
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
www.umich.edu/~jaylemke <http://www.umich.edu/%7Ejaylemke>




On May 3, 2009, at 4:28 AM, Eugene Matusov wrote:

 Dear Mike and everybody—



Mike, I am not interested in playing intellectual games either
(e.g., I do
not like playing a chess game). But I liked your challenge or my own
challenge: to find out if there are any unconditional statements
that I
would agree. I almost believed that you offered one… but, at the
end, it did
not pass my final test. Since, I’m trying to be consistently
inconsistent,
consideration of truth, whatever it leads me, does not bother me.
I’m happy
that you did not play the game either (although, you would not
offend me if
you did).



I think I respectfully disagree with you and maybe with Jay that the
binary
logic is inherently (and unconditionally) bad while contextual
statements
involving leakage of sides are inherently (and unconditionally)
good. I
think (=expect) that you agree with the latter but might still
disagree with
the former. I admit that at times, I have conversations with my
computer
despite the fact that I agree with you that it is an oxymoron ;-) It
is also
oxymoron to speak to myself – what new I can say to myself that
myself/I do
not already know? Despite this apparent paradox (and my
inconsistency), I
have conversations with myself and with my computer.



I think that our suspicion of the binary logic comes from our
criticism of
positivism and scientism. There is nothing wrong in this suspicion,
especially, when the binary logic is treated as the universal one
but I
think we should be careful in not overdoing our criticism. There is
a danger
that our post-modernist criticism of modernist, positivistic
science, aligns
with pre-modernist criticism of modernism. However, as we all know,
enemy of
my enemy is not necessary my friend but it can be an even bigger
enemy.
Bush’s premodernist critique of science should be also criticized
from a
post-modern position rather we should join him.



As your question about freshness and Jesus, I think that there is
only one
freshness: the first and the last one (very binary! J). I do not
know about
Jesus, but I believe that Kot Begemot would agree with me (for non-
Russian
audience, Kot Begemot was a part of the Devil’s court from
Bulgakov’s novel
“Master and Margarita”, literally “Tom-cat Hippo”, a very cunning,
ironic,
and smart character). I wonder what Dewey or Vygotsky would say
about it…
;-)



Take care,



Eugene







From: Mike Cole [mailto:lchcmike@gmail.com]
Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 9:23 PM
To: Eugene Matusov
Cc: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity; PIG;
backontrack@wwscholars.org; Zoi
Philippakos
Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus



I am a Cretan, that anyone can tell you, Eugene. As to Sandra
"having a
conversation with Ella(Z):

I have long taken it as axiomatic that the phrase, "Conversation
with a
computer"
is an oxymoron. Sort like an oxy-Cretan (poor people from Crete-
judging
from the
size of their houses when Zeus was roaming around, they were very
small and
led difficult lives).

Computers, and chatbots, are artifacts created by other humans (or
other
computer programs created by humans) and are, eventually, in the
sequences
of
mediations, connect to other humans. I agree with the conclusion,
but am
saddened by the lack of orientation to the discourse that generated
this
journal.

I was not playing Gotcha. I was trying to explore the way in which
categories
create insides and outsides and generalize and in so doing, err. But
if I
lost a game
of gotcha and it brings you pleasure, go for it. Thanks for the new
insight
into that
issue of two kinds of people. Diversity uber alles, up to the point
where it
causes blood to flow. Then it start to worry me a lot, but I am a
worrier.

Do you think that Jesus believed there were only two degrees of
freshness of
fish?
What would Kot Begamot think about this issue?
mike

On Sat, May 2, 2009 at 5:55 PM, Eugene Matusov <ematusov@udel.edu>
wrote:

Dear Mike and everybody—



Mike, you almost got me! Very good challenge – thanks!, “And, as you
know,
there are only two kinds of people in the world --- those who
believe there
are only two kinds of people and those who think there are more.” I
almost
unconditionally agreed with your statement and then I noticed its
meta-statement, “there are only two kinds of people in the world….”
that is
congruent with “those who believe there are only two kinds of
people…” thus
the person who stated this claim that I had initially liked belongs
to the
first category him or herself… It is like, “One Cretan said that all
Cretans
are liars.” Very smart, indeed! ;-) Thanks for this Sabbath’s puzzle
(I did
not know it)…



Have an unconditionally tasty fish,



Eugene

PS I like to hear more about your reading of discursive psychology
and their
use of the terms “activity” and “culture” and about reasons for your
wonderment. Can you share more, please?







From: Mike Cole [mailto:lchcmike@gmail.com]
Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 7:37 PM
To: Eugene Matusov
Cc: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity; PIG;
backontrack@wwscholars.org; Zoi
Philippakos


Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus



da net! Eugene. :-)

Of course there are several degrees of freshness. This is a trout
fisherman
writing.
And a resident of the coastline of California. Caught and cooked on
the
spot/ caught and
frozen and taken home safely through the desert/bought at my local
fish
store on thursday,
bought at my local fish store on monday..........

But I love your example and the novel is one of my very favorites.

And, as you know, there are only two kinds of people in the world
--- those
who believe there are only
two kinds of people and those who think there are more.

conditionally speaking
mike

PS-- Reading about discursive psychology in the interims and
wondering why
the word activity is
used as it is and where the word culture is, and what Lois thinks of
it, and
mostly wishing I had more
time to read it!




On Sat, May 2, 2009 at 3:56 PM, Eugene Matusov <ematusov@udel.edu>
wrote:

Dear Jay and Mike and everybody--

Conditionally, Jay, I like Mike's statement as well,

 It
is the
heterogeneity within the "two parts" and leakage between them and
their
relations to "their context" that IS life.


but only conditionally. There are situations when this statement is
deadly
but binary logic is on the side of life. I remember a famous

allegoric

statement from Russian novel "Master and Margarita" by Michael
Bulgakov. In
short, in the novel's plot, the Devil visited Stalinist Russia
(Moscow to be
exact) in the 1930s during the Stalinist worst purges. Among other
things
the Devil visited a theater to make familiar with New Soviet people.
In
theater buffet, the Devil noticed rotten fish with the label, "Fish
of the
third [degree] freshness." The Devil told the buffet salesperson,
"Dear
salesperson, somebody has lied to you. There is no such thing as
'fish of
the third-degree freshness. Fish can be only one degree of
freshness: either
it is fresh or not. Respectful, your fish is not fresh, it stinks."
This
short exchange revealed the deception of Stalinist "leakage" of two
parts
(namely, life and death). The binary logic presented by the Devil
here was
on the side of life, while non-binary Stalinist discourse of making
'white'
black and 'black' white (that at that time often referred as
'dialectics')
was on the side of death.

I think we might be careful in indorsing any universal statements
even when
they can be true, on average (in our sociocultural conditions). We
should be
also careful with our fight against scientific positivism that has
historically emerged in response to (religious) totalitarian
ideology of
manipulative "leakages". After the Bush administration reign, I have
become
even more careful about dissing positivistic science.... (By the
way, the
Bush administration used discourses that were convincingly based on
both the
binary logic and at the same time on the manipulative "leakages",
like, for
example, torture becomes not torture but rather a permissible grey
area of
an "intense interrogation technique"). Binary logic can bring life
sometimes, indeed....

What do you think?

Eugene


 -----Original Message-----
From: xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca-
bounces@weber.ucsd.edu]
On Behalf Of Jay Lemke
Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 4:46 PM
To: mcole@weber.ucsd.edu; eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity
Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus

Right on, Mike!!

Jay Lemke
Professor
Educational Studies
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
www.umich.edu/~jaylemke <http://www.umich.edu/%7Ejaylemke> <
http://www.umich.edu/%7Ejaylemke>





 On May 2, 2009, at 8:37 PM, Mike Cole wrote:

What one I think is literally deadening, Eugene, is binaries with
uniformities on both sides. Under such conditions, change is
impossible. It
is the
heterogeneity within the "two parts" and leakage between them and
their
relations to "their context" that IS life.
mike

On Sat, May 2, 2009 at 11:13 AM, Tony Whitson <twhitson@udel.edu>
wrote:

According to Wikipedia, "Jackie Mason" was born Yacov Moshe Maza
(for what
it's worth).


On Sat, 2 May 2009, Michael Glassman wrote:


 Eugene,

I would argue that the intonation is not so much related to
language as it
is to culture - in essence a part of cultural capital that can be
found in
Russia, but in a number of other places around the world with a
number of
different languages.  You use the example,

-?? (da-da) is a good translation from Mogenbesser's Jewish

English,

"Yeah, yeah" in Russian. As you, probably, know, Russian is very
intonation-based language - almost any word might have the
opposite meaning
with the right intonation. Like for example, "Have you my taken

my

book?" "I
need your book badly!" ("?? ?? ???? ??? ??????» --
«????? ??? ????? ????
?????!») - it is difficult to translate this Russian exchange

into

English
because the response has the intonation indicating the opposite
meaning that
its formal semantics suggests. One Russian (Soviet) poet

commented

that
Russian language does not support «?????» (i.e., report to a
secret police).

But anybody who has listened to Jackie Mason, not such a good
human being
but a pretty good comedian, has heard him using the type of
intonation you
are discussing brilliantly in English - so brilliantly you would
wonder how
it could work in any other language - but of course it could.

I'm

sure the
same intonation, or maybe different types of intonations
expressing meaning
but especially sense, could be used in almost any language as

long

as the
speaker was comfortable with it. What is interesting about the
use of this
type of intonation is when somebody uses it - at least in English
- I can
make a pretty good guess about where they grew up in the United
States.
Some people who are really good at this can even limit it to

general

neighborhoods - and you immediately recognize certain cultural
qualities
about that individual and it cuts through a lot of other
information.  On
the other end of the spectrum somebody could use the intonation
perfectly in
Columbus Ohio and individuals would just understand the remark
based on the
more straight forward understanding (and might consider you a
little alien
for using the intonation).  What also might suggest the

intonation

being
part of cultural capital rather than the language itself is the
fact the I
think it is often time used as a form of intimacy, kidding, or
making fun in
a non-maliscious way.

Michael



________________________________

From: xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu on behalf of Eugene Matusov
Sent: Sat 5/2/2009 1:31 PM
To: mcole@weber.ucsd.edu
Cc: backontrack@wwscholars.org; 'Zoi Philippakos'; 'eXtended

Mind,

Culture, Activity'; 'PIG'
Subject: RE: [xmca] a minus times a plus



Dear Mike and everybody-



You wrote, "another example of binary logic which is anti-human".
I wonder
what makes this logic anti-human is not necessary that it is
binary, but
maybe the fact that it strives to be the universal,

unconditional,

disembodied, and decontextualized. I think that limited and
situated binary
relations can be humane. As you nicely put it before, the
universal answer
to any problem is, "it depends" ;-) The big problem, of course,
what it
depends on... (I always say to my grad students that the answer
for the
latter question will be addressed in a future Advanced Grad
Sociocultural
Seminar that I never teach J)

??

-?? (da-da) is a good translation from Mogenbesser's Jewish

English,

"Yeah, yeah" in Russian. As you, probably, know, Russian is very
intonation-based language - almost any word might have the
opposite meaning
with the right intonation. Like for example, "Have you my taken

my

book?" "I
need your book badly!" ("?? ?? ???? ??? ??????» --
«????? ??? ????? ????
?????!») - it is difficult to translate this Russian exchange

into

English
because the response has the intonation indicating the opposite
meaning that
its formal semantics suggests. One Russian (Soviet) poet

commented

that
Russian language does not support «?????» (i.e., report to a
secret police).



Ed made an interesting and thought-provoking point, "Social
relations
don't give rise to mathematics, but mathematics seems to give,
perspectivally, a rise to social relations." I think that in
general, it is
a chicken-egg problem but I suspect that social relations have
priority over
math. So, Ed, we have a respectful disagreement, indeed. The
reason for my
suspicion is that usually, although not always, social relations
have a
priority over everything else. For example, it seems that

historical

emergency of geometry was a result of a certain development of
private
property on land and conflicts associated with it. Certain (but
not all!)
mathematical questions could emerge only within certain social
relations..
One of these vivid examples can be mathematical division. I'm
always amazed
how difficult for Western kids to understand fractional division
leading to
a number bigger that divided. For example, 2 divided by ½ becomes
4. Western
understanding of fair sharing almost exclusively as splitting the
whole on
equal but smaller parts (private property) makes very difficult

to

consider
a possibility for collective sharing in which the more people
share the more
value the whole has. We have a PIG Lab of Internationally
Recognize
Excellence - the more people use it, the more valuable it becomes
(to a
point of course, ;-). By collective sharing, ten PIGgies

virtually

have 10
labs! Or 1 divided on 1/10 is 10. I think this fractional

division

reflects
collective sharing (and collective fairness) in contrast to whole
number
division based on private property sharing (and private property
fairness).
It is interesting to study this question empirically....



What do you think?



Eugene

PS I know that everyone in this XMCA discussion who replies to my
messages
gets bounced message from the PIG email list (no connection to

the

swine
flu!). I try to resend your messages to the my PIGgy colleagues.



---------------------

Eugene Matusov, Ph.D.

Professor of Education

School of Education

University of Delaware

Newark, DE 19716, USA



email: ematusov@udel.edu

fax: 1-(302)-831-4110

website: http://ematusov.soe.udel.edu <http://
ematusov.soe.udel.edu/>  <
http://ematusov.soe.udel.edu/>

publications: http://ematusov.soe.udel.edu/vita/publications.htm



Dialogic Pedagogy Forum: http://diaped.soe.udel.edu <
http://diaped.soe.udel.edu/>  <http://diaped.soe.udel.edu/>

---------------------







From: Mike Cole [mailto:lchcmike@gmail.com]
Sent: Friday, May 01, 2009 10:01 PM
To: Eugene Matusov
Cc: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity; backontrack@wwscholars.org;
Zoi
Philippakos; PIG
Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus



That it works to think that the enemy of your enemy is your

friend

is
another example
of binary logic which is anti-human. Shit happens a lot, Eugene.

Your yeah yeah example is in the increasingly long and equally
interesting
trail of emails on
this thread.

da da
?
zhanchit?
mike

On Fri, May 1, 2009 at 4:38 PM, Eugene Matusov

<ematusov@udel.edu>

wrote:

Dear Mike--

You wrote,

And for sure, Eugene, it is a cardinal error to believe that the
enemy
of
your enemy is your friend. Maybe, maybe
not. Like all laws of social science, it all depends.


Actually, it worked rather well during the WWII for the Allies
(US-
UK) and
the USSR. Their cooperation in opposition to the Nazi Germany was
governed
by the Arabic wisdom "an enemy of your enemy is your friend." It
can be
powerful indeed but as you said it is not universal.

As to the natural language and the formal logic (math), in

natural

language
(+1)*(+1)=-1, according to famous anecdote, "The most celebrated
[Sidney]
Morgenbesser anecdote involved visiting Oxford philosopher J. L.
Austin,
who
noted that it was peculiar that although there are many languages
in which
a
double negative makes a positive, no example existed where two
positives
expressed a negative. In a dismissive voice, Morgenbesser replied
from the
audience, 'Yeah, yeah.'"

Take care,

Eugene


-----Original Message-----

From: xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca-

bounces@weber.ucsd.edu

]


On Behalf Of Mike Cole

Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2009 8:38 PM
To: eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity


Cc: backontrack@wwscholars.org; Zoi Philippakos; PIG

Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus


 Eugene, the mixture of plus and minus was the focus of my

inquiry.

Natural
language understanding
of double negatives solves that problem for 2 numbers, beyond
which I
assume
natural language needs
a notation system to keep track.

So far Jerry Balzano's mirror explanation seems like it has the
best
chance
with my grand daughter (in
part because i can actually imagine creating the demonstration

that

lines up
intuition and notation). I
have not had time to read all of the notes in this thread owing
to
heavy
teaching and extra lecture schedule
and a rash of recommendation letters out of season (which I will
accept
as a
sub for swine flu). But
simply in scanning could I make a plea for socio-CULTURAL
constructivism? If
we do not keep what is
essential to human forms of human sociality in the discussion,

we

might
as
well be talking about bonobos
who, at least, know enough to make love not war.

And for sure, Eugene, it is a cardinal error to believe that the
enemy
of
your enemy is your friend. Maybe, maybe
not. Like all laws of social science, it all depends.

mike


On Wed, Apr 29, 2009 at 1:44 PM, Eugene Matusov

<ematusov@udel.edu>

wrote:

Dear everybody--


In response to Mike's profound inquiry of why a minus times a
minus

 is a

 plus, I was thinking that it is a mathematical model of the

Arabic


 wisdom

that "an enemy of my enemy is my friend." Of course, the latter

is


 not

 always true -- we have plenty of examples when enemy of our
enemy is

 still

our enemy (or just indifferent) and, thus, for these types of
social
relations, the mathematical model of (-1) x (-1) =1 does not

work.


 Just

consider, for an example, the relations among the US, Al-Qaida,
and

 Saddam

 Hussein.

The issue for me is why the Western civilization prioritizes
(and

 then

mathematizes) social relations described in the Arabic wisdom.

One


 answer

 is
because "the real world" works according to these social

relations


 (i.e.,

 the social relations is just an example of the truth out

there).

An
alternative explanation is that the Western civilization can
afford

 and

might be even benefit from imposing these social relations on

"the


 real

 world" that by itself is indifferent to any social relations
(and

 thus

 mathematical models). Any other explanations?

What do you think?

Eugene



 -----Original Message-----

From: xmca-bounces@weber.ucsd.edu [mailto:xmca-

 bounces@weber.ucsd.edu]


 On Behalf Of Ng Foo Keong



 Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2009 12:23 PM

To: ablunden@mira.net; eXtended Mind, Culture, Activity
Subject: Re: [xmca] a minus times a plus


 Is Mathematics _merely_ socially constructed, or is there
something

deeper and inevitable?

I think this deserves a new thread, but I couldn't manage to
start

 one.


Let me try to draw out and assemble the line of discussion that


 spun


 off from the "a minus times a plus" thread.


In her inaugural post to xcma, Anna Sfard about talked "rules
of the mathematical game" among other things.

Then Jay Lemke said:-

 ...
I think it's important, however, to see, as Anna emphasizes, that there is a certain "arbitrariness" involved in this, or
if you like it better: a freedom of choice. Yes, it's
structure-and-agency all over again! Structure determines

that

some things fit into bigger pictures and some don't, but
agency is always at work deciding which pictures, which kind
of fit, which structures, etc. And behind that values, and
culture, and how we feel about things.


-----
Then I (Ng Foo Keong) said:-

regarding structure and agency, arbitrariness:-

i think now it's time for me to pop this question that has
been
bugging me for some time. i am convinced that mathematics is
socially constructured, but i am not so convinced that

 mathematics


is _merely_ socially constructured. if we vary across cultures

and different human activities, we might find different ways
in which patterns and structure can be expressed and yet we
might
find commonalities / analogies. the question i am asking is: is maths just a ball game determined by some group of nerds
who
happen to be in power and dominate the discourse, or is there

 some


 invariant, something deeper in maths that can transcend and
unite

language, culture, activity .... ?


Foo Keong,
NIE, Singapore

-----
Then Ed Wall said:-

Ng Foo Keong

As regards your question about mathematics being socially
constructed, I'm not entirely sure what you mean by
mathematics or what kind of evidence would convince you it

 wasn't.


 Suppose I said that there was evidence for innate subtizing.




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 Tony Whitson
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NEWARK  DE  19716

twhitson@udel.edu
_______________________________

"those who fail to reread
are obliged to read the same story everywhere"
             -- Roland Barthes, S/Z (1970)


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3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Japan   432-8011
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